[摘要]:

《野性的呼唤》是美国作家杰克·伦敦的自然主义代表作品之一。作者描述了一个传奇性的故事：一只名叫巴克的强壮的狗，作为一只雪橇狗，从温暖的南方被拐卖到寒冷的北方。他逐渐从狗转变成狼，从文明转变到野蛮，并最终变成了荒野世界里的一只野兽。本论文侧重于分析“适者生存”原则在小说中的体现，包括适者生存的具体表现，适者生存的人物塑造以及适者生存的场景营造，从而进一步论证巴克遵循了“适者生存”这一原则并已经成为了野外世界中的最强者。

[关键词]:自然主义；适者生存；文明；野蛮

Abstract:

The Call of the Wild was one of the representative naturalism works written by American writer Jack London. The writer made a description of legendary story about a powerful dog, Buck, who was kidnapped from warm south to the cold north as a sled dog. He changed from dog to wolf, from civilization to wildness and finally became a beast in the wild world. The thesis mainly focused on the embodiment of “Survival of the Fittest” in the novel, including the specific representations of “Survival of the Fittest”, the creation of characters of “Survival of the Fittest” and the scene building of “Survival of the Fittest”, and it further demonstrated Buck had kept to the principle of “Survival of the Fittest” and had become the strongest in the wild.

Key words: naturalism; Survival of the Fittest; civilization; wildness

1. Introduction
Jack London, who born in San Francisco in 1876. He was regarded as a leading figure of naturalism in America. In his adolescent years, London had undergone many hardships, acting as a pirate in San Francisco Bay, making an expedition to the Far East, and wandering his way across North America. [1] Later, he returned to Oakland and graduated from high school and then went to the University of California. However, with the arising of the Klondike gold rush, London left college to go to the North. In this process, instead of getting much gold, he collected many written material for his career as a writer and formed his writing style accordingly. London’s most famous novels included The Call of the Wild, White Fang, The Sea-Wolf and Martin Eden and so on. These novels were also based on his life experience. Nevertheless, London died at an early age in 1916 and many people have assumed that his death was a suicide.