《麦田里的守望者》中霍尔顿的自我矛盾及成因分析

On Holden Caulfield’s Self-contradiction and its Causes in the Catcher in the Rye

摘要

作为从第二次世界大战结束到今天的当代美国文学中的“现代经典”，杰罗姆﹒大卫﹒塞林格的作品《麦田里的守望者》凭借其别具一格的写作风格在美国社会和文学界产生了巨大影响，越来越受到文学评论界的重视。而小说主人公霍尔顿﹒考尔菲德更是成为青少年争相追捧、模仿的对象。改革开放后，《麦田里的守望者》被引进中国，也受到国内文学界的青睐，在中国掀起了霍尔顿风潮。但不管是在国内外，学者对霍尔顿人物形象的分析分歧较大。霍尔顿代表的是反抗现实、追求理想的纯洁还是资本主义耳濡目染的丑恶?应该怎样归类霍尔顿？这个问题一直是研究霍尔顿的学者们所争论的焦点。

本文以人物塑造为理论依据，以文本分析和引文分析为研究方法，致力于研究霍尔顿的自我矛盾以及其成因分析。文章首先阐述了人物塑造的理论依据以及人物塑造的背景，其次从六个不同方面分析霍尔顿在文中所表现出来的自我矛盾，并对这些自我矛盾深入研究，最后从三个方面分析霍尔顿自我矛盾的成因，例如霍尔顿成长的环境，如学校、家庭，整体的社会大背景以及作者塞林格对霍尔顿人物塑造的影响。

本文不仅弥补了以往对霍尔顿的研究中的缺陷，也为己经了解和即将了解霍尔顿的读者更好地理解《麦田里的守望者》的主人公霍尔顿提供参考依据。

关键词：《麦田里的守望者》，霍尔顿，人物塑造，自我矛盾，成因 

Abstract
As one of the most classic works since the Second World War, The Catcher in the Rye by J.D.Salinger has had tremendous influence on American society since its publication, fascinating a large number of readers and scholars to study it. Its hero, Holden Caulfield, became an idol for American teenagers to follow and imitate. This book was introduced to Chinese readers after the Reforming and Opening-up and soon enough it aroused among Chinese readers a craze for Holden, which has lasted up to now. Yet in or abroad, critics and readers hold completely distinct attitude towards the book in terms of the characterization of Holden Caulfield. Does Holden represent the goodness, honesty and pureness of fighting against the world and chasing after dreams or the depravation of capitalism? How to categorize Holden Caulfield? These questions have been in the center of debates among scholars and critics studying Holden.
Based on the theory of characterization, this thesis mostly focuses on the self-contradiction of Holden Caulfield and its causes. And the research methods contain content analysis and references study. To start with, it briefly introduces the theory of characterization and the background information of the novel; then it analyzes Holden’s self-contradiction from six aspects and gives a detailed explanation of his self-contradiction as displayed in the content. After that, it explores and concludes the factors that have influence on the characterization of Holden Caulfield, which can be three aspects, the environment Holden grew up in, the overall social background and the author Salinger himself.
The finding of this thesis will complement the shortages of former researches. It can also provide some reference for readers and critics of the Catcher in the Rye to better understand the character of Holden Caulfield.
Key words: the Catcher in the Rye, Holden Caulfield, characterization, self-contradiction, causes