《莎乐美》中的唯美主义及成因分析

On Aestheticism in Salome and its Causes

摘要
《莎乐美》，由王尔德用法语写就，他的同性恋人阿尔弗雷德•道格拉斯翻译的独幕悲剧，源自圣经故事。与王尔德的其他作品相比，《莎乐美》以其创新而闻名：华丽的语言，神秘的人物形象，剧情展开以及蕴含其中的唯美主义观点。因此，莎乐美被认为是唯美主义的代表作品，也是王尔德最成功的戏剧。但是，关于《莎乐美》的研究，一向比不上对王尔德其他作品的研究。
本文将从《莎乐美》中的唯美主义以及成因这两方面进行分析。第一部分将介绍莎乐美人物形象的流变以及佩特和王尔德的唯美主义理论观点。第二部分，将从美、爱、死亡这三个方面分析唯美主义在《莎乐美》中的详细体现。第三部分将会从社会背景和性取向这两个角度来分析成因。
本文将采用研究笔下人物为主，结合作者生平为辅的研究方法来分析《莎乐美》中的人物以及王尔德的生平，对王尔德以及他所处时代的唯美主义运动有一个更好的了解。
关键词：莎乐美，唯美主义，美，同性恋
Abstract
Salome, the one-act tragedy written in French by Oscar Wilde and translated into English by his lover Lord Alfred Douglas, is the legend based on the Biblical story. Compared to the other works, Salome by Oscar Wilde is much more famous for the innovations, which are displayed in its beautiful language, mystical image, the plot and the aesthetic point of view. Therefore, Salome is regarded as the representative work of aestheticism and the most successful play of Oscar Wilde. However, the researches on it are not as many as on other works of Oscar Wilde.
The aestheticism in Salome and the causes why he writes like this will be analyzed in this paper. Salome and the understanding to aestheticism by Pater and Oscar Wilde are introduced in the first part. In the second part, the details of aestheticism used in Salome will be analyzed in three aspects: beauty, love and death. In the final part, the paper will focus on two main causes: social background and sexual orientation.
This paper will combine the researches in and out of China to analyze the characters in Salome and the life experience of Oscar Wilde to have a better understanding of him and of the movement of aestheticism.
Key words: Salome, aestheticism, beauty, homosexual