Abstract

Dubliners, a noteworthy collection of fifteen short stories with more female characters than any other works of James Joyce, is a milestone in the history of English short stories. However, due to the limitation of historical environment of his time, Joyce inevitably presents Irish women as being submerged, and he is accused of misogyny for this by many critics. This thesis systematically analyzes the oppressing social forces that place women in all inferior position and tries to present a clear picture of these submerged people that has long been neglected.
To begin with, the introductory part of the thesis illustrates the biographical account of James Joyce, briefly introduces Dubliners, and provides foreign female critics’ view on Joyce.
The second part introduces responses of the women in the stories in different phases of their life to their situation. Among all the female characters, there are docile and obedient young girls, manipulative and overbearing mothers, and desperate married housewives.
The third part attempts to demonstrate that the women in Dubliners as victims of conventional tradition, Dublin men’s Narcissistic Complex, and Dublin women’s own maternity.
The conclusion part summarizes that through the depiction of the destiny of women in Dubliners, Joyce intends to tell the reader that passivity and femininity of Dubliner women is the product of the patriarchal society. Unlike being labeled as a misogynist, he detests the hypocritical and overpowering patriarchy, and he is sympathetic with women.

Key Words: Dubliners, the submerged people, patriarchal society, feminism.

摘要

《都柏林人》共有十五个短篇小说，是詹姆斯·乔伊斯塑造女性人物最多的一部作品，也是英国短篇小说史上的一个里程碑。由于当时爱尔兰的历史和环境的局限性，乔伊斯不可避免地将女性呈现为被淹没，被忽视的人群，为此不少批评家把他指责为厌女症者。在以男性利益为标准的强大父系社会中，男性占绝对的主体地位，而女性则不可避免地被忽视。但是女性的劣势屈从地位不是由于生理差异，而是由于文化造成的。本文系统地分析了《都柏林人》中女性地位的形成原因，向读者展示了一个被“淹没”已久的人群。
本文第一部分介绍了乔伊斯的生平和他的家庭的关系对该部作品的影响，回顾了国外有关乔伊斯的女性主义研究的主张，并简短介绍了《都柏林人》这部作品。
第二部分介绍了《都柏林人》中各个阶段的女性角色对其他者地位的反应。她们当中有温顺服从的少女，有强势独断的母亲，也有心灰意冷的已婚妇女。
第三部分介绍了女性作为传统观念的受害者，被教条束缚得难以自拔；作为强大父权社会的殉难者，饱受压迫。但同时，她们自身的母性也是其地位形成的原因。
文章的结论部分总结了通过对《都柏林人》中女性角色的剖析，指出乔伊斯并非是有些批评家所指的厌女症者，相反，他对女性持同情理解态度。最后本文指出女性要得到真正意义上的解放需要从两方面入手：从经济上开始独立和团结所有女性一起反抗男权势力。

关键词：《都柏林人》，被淹没的人群，父权社会，女性主义