Abstract:

The Call of the Wild was published in 1903, it is the masterpiece of Jack London, one of the most famous American writers. The complicated nature of Buck is the main reason to cause the novel popular for a long time. In some degree, the hard roads Buck went through were a reflection of American social reality in the 20th century, and it also showed us the Klondike Gold Rush Age in American history again. It’s a key point to study the writer’s viewpoints and the social background by analyzing Buck’s character. At first, this paper introduces Darwin’s theory—survival of the fittest, analyses the nature of Buck in the changing environment and pays more attention to describe Buck’s pursuit of new life. Buck went to the northland which was far away from human civilization but he adapted to the challenging environment very soon. After the death of Thornton, in response to the call of the new life in the forest Buck got back to the forest which is full of mystery and adventure without any hesitation. The last part reveals that Buck not only bears the nature of ferociousness and but also has a passion for sacrifice. We are convinced that it is incumbent for sly Buck to show love, responsibility and loyalty after receiving human beings’ equal respect. This also gives expression to Mencius ethical view that the nature of human at birth is good.

Key Words: wildness; call; freedom; survival of the fittest

摘要：

《野性的呼唤》是美国著名作家杰克·伦敦的成名作，发表于1903年。主人公巴克复杂多重的性格是该作品长盛不衰的原因之一。在某种程度上说，巴克艰苦的生存道路，生动确切地反映了作者所处时代的美国社会的现实，并且重现了美国历史上的克朗代克淘金热。了解巴克的性格特征是我们解读作者思想观点和小说社会背景的关键。本文首先从达尔文的“适者生存”理论入手，分析了在不断变化的生活环境中巴克的性格,文章着重讲述了巴克对新生活的向往与追求。巴克在来到远离人类文明的荒原后很迅速地适应了极具挑战性的生活。在桑顿死后，巴克毫不犹豫地响应了森林里新生活的召唤，回到充满神秘与冒险的丛林。最后部分论述了巴克不仅具有凶残狡诈的本性也富有不怕牺牲的激情。在得到人类平等的尊重和爱后，狡诈的巴克表现出的义不容辞的爱、责任以及忠诚着实令人信服。并且也在巴克身上传达了孟子哲学的“性本善”思想。

关键词：野性；呼唤；自由；适者生存