Abstract:

F. Scott Fitzgerald (1896-1940), the famous American novelist in the 1920s, is known as a spokesman and laureate of the “Jazz Age”. His masterpiece, The Great Gatsby, is considered as an American classic and is still the hot subject among the literary critics and scholars home and abroad.
The novel, by way of such women characters as Daisy, Jordan, Myrtle and so on, vividly depicts women’s selfishness, superficiality, loneliness and emptiness in the heart of the Jazz Age. This can explain Fitzgerald’s misogynous pathos which is different from the traditional misogynism. The women characters he has created are neither “angels” nor “devils” judging from the feminist theories. The numerous weaknesses such as selfishness, ignorance, superficiality and cheeseparing, presented in the women characters mentioned above might result from the popularity of materialism in the 1920s and Fitzgerald’s potential male chauvinism and his deep consciousness and literature creation are inevitably influenced by the dominant ideology as he has been living in a deep-rooted male-dominated culture.
 With the development of feminist criticism over the past few decades, it is necessary and meaningful to reread this text from some new perspectives. This thesis offers a re-reading of The Great Gatsby by means of close reading of the women characters with the help of Virginia Woolf’s feminist theory as well as Sandra Gilbert and Susan Gubar’s feminist theory. It attempts to approach the text from a feminist perspective to throw a new light on the study of the women characters.

Key words: Fitzgerald; The Great Gatsby; women characters; feminist criticism; misogyny

摘要：

弗·司各特·菲茨杰拉德，这位二十年代美国著名的小说家，被誉为“爵士时代”的代言人和桂冠诗人。他的代表作《了不起的盖茨比》被认为是一部美国经典，至今仍是国内外评论界的研究热点。
小说通过黛西、乔丹、茉特尔等女性——那些社会中典型的女性形象，生动地刻画了“爵士时代”女性自私、浅薄、内心深处的孤独感和精神空虚，进而说明菲茨杰拉德不同于传统“厌女症”的“厌女情结”，他笔下的女性人物既不是女性主义者所称的“天使”也不是“恶魔”。而这些女性的自私、浅薄、空虚、爱钱如命等性格弱点的根源在于上世纪20年代物质至上主义的盛行和小说家本人潜在的男权主义思想，因为他一直生活在根深蒂固的男权文化氛围中，他的深层意识与文学创作无不受到主导意识形态的影响。
随着女性主义文学批评理论的发展，有必要从全新的角度对作品重新进行解读。本文选取女性主义角度，结合英国女作家弗吉尼亚·伍尔芙和美国女权主义评论家桑德拉·吉尔伯特和苏姗·古芭的女性主义理论对小说中的女性角色加以解读剖析，让读者能更好地理解菲茨杰拉德的厌女症和对新女性出现的恐惧，也让读者更好地领会到在爵士时代这样一个特殊的年代里面的人性百态，其中人们所表现出来的心理特征与性格特征都具有一定的现实意义。

关键词：菲茨杰拉德；《了不起的盖茨比》；女性角色；女性主义批评；厌女症