Abstract:

Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961) is an American novelist and the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature. His life was hard. He took part in World War I and World War II. After the First World War, he was known as the representative of "Lost Generation". Wars made him disappointed at life and led him show his confusion and uncertainty on life, world and society in his works.
The Old Man and the Sea (1951) is a novella written by Hemingway when he was in Cuba. It is the most famous one which made Hemingway win the Pulitzer Prizes in 1953 and the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954.In this novel, the main character Santiago had an exhausting fight with shark for three days and dragged a huge fish skeleton onto the coast finally. Although the marlin was eaten by shark, Santiago still defended the dignity of the inner man. Hemingway made Santiago become the typical "code hero" who never yields to destiny and always fights bravely with his own courage, willpower and wisdom regardless of the tough environment. This novel deeply reveals Hemingway’s philosophy of life and his view of life.
This thesis will briefly expound Hemingway’s philosophy of life through the study of The Old Man and the Sea. This novel is rich in symbolism which is full of meaning such as the sea, Santiago, the shark and marlin. Those images fully show Hemingway’s philosophy of life: when facing the cruel social reality and suffering life, man should face and fight with pains bravely, loving life, treasuring life and being confident of future. Life is to fight, or it will be meaningless.

Key words: Hemingway; The Old Man and the Sea; philosophy of life; fight; symbolism

摘要：

厄内斯特•海明威（1899—1961）是美国小说家、诺贝尔文学奖获得者。他的一生坎坷，参加过一战和二战。一战之后，他被成为美国“迷惘的一代”的代表。战争使他对生活失望，进而促使他在作品中对人生、世界和社会表现出迷惘和彷徨。
   《老人与海》是海明威于1951年在古巴写的一篇中篇小说，是海明威最著名的作品。小说相继获得了1953年美国普利策奖和1954年诺贝尔文学奖。小说中的主人公桑提亚哥在海上与鲨鱼经过三天精疲力竭的搏斗，最终将一副巨大的鱼骨架子拖到海岸上。大马林鱼虽然没有保住，但他却捍卫了“人的灵魂的尊严”。海明威成功地塑造了老人的“硬汉”形象，他不屈服于命运，无论在怎么艰苦卓绝的环境里，他都凭着自己的勇气、毅力和智慧进行了奋勇的抗争。小说深刻地反映了海明威的人生哲学和生活观。
论文通过分析《老人与海》，阐述海明威的人生哲学。小说中运用多种象征手法，富于寓意，如：大海、桑提亚哥、鲨鱼以及马林鱼等。这些意象充分体现了海明威的人生哲学：在残酷的社会现实和命运之中，人应该勇敢的面对一切磨难并与之作斗争，热爱生活，珍惜生命，对未来充满信心。人生就是要去战斗，否则就毫无意义。

关键词：海明威；《老人与海》；人生哲学；斗争；象征手法