Abstract

The Long Goodbye is a 1953 novel by Raymond Thornton Chandler. Chandler uses first person narration to tell the story about the detective Philip Marlowe who helps a drunk named Terry Lennnox and develops an uneasy friendship with him. After Lennox is accused of murdering his wife and flees to Mexico, Marlowe spends every effort to find out the truth and prove Lennox’s innocence. Literary criticism about Chandler’s works is rare and scattered, and current critics mainly focus on individualism of the protagonist and social criticism in the early 20th century. The novel,as the classic of hard-boiled detective fiction, also fall into the category of crime fiction. However, little attention has been paid to the masculinities shown in the novel. The thesis will analyze various male characters in the novel based on Masculinities by Australian sociologist R.W. Connell so as to research the pluralism of masculinities in America during the middle 20th century.
The thesis is composed of six parts. The first part is a brief introduction to the author and his hard-boiled fiction. Chapter One concentrates on male characters who own hegemonic masculinity. Chapter Two explains subordinate masculinity and men who have subordinate masculinity. Chapter Three discusses complicit masculinity and characters who have that kind of masculinity. Chapter Four describes men with marginalized masculinity. The last part is a brief conclusion. Through the analysis of masculinities in The Long Goodbye, this thesis hopes to provide a new angle to read Chandler’s works as well as a brand new approach to masculinities.

Key Word: Connell, The Long Goodbye, Raymond Chandler, masculinities
 
摘要
   
《漫长的告别》是雷蒙德·钱德勒1953年的小说，小说用第一人称讲述了侦探马洛在酒吧门外帮助了一个酒鬼，进而和他成为朋友，在酒鬼被疑杀人逃亡之后，排除万难找出事件真相的故事。本书是钱德勒的代表作，同时也是硬汉派侦探小说中的名作。过往对钱德勒小说的研究比较鲜有同时也较为分散，已有的研究包括对其小说中个人主义体现与骑士精神体现的研究，也有作为罪案小说的一类进行的研究。然而，作为硬汉派小说的代表作，出场的人物绝大多数都是男性，且具有的男性气质各不相同。因此，本文将以澳大利亚社会学者康奈尔的《男性气质》为依托，对小说中出现的各色男性角色进行分析，从而研究20世纪中期美国西部男性所具有的不同的男性气质。
    论文分为六个部分，第一部分为引言，主要介绍作者，其开创的硬汉派小说以及文献综述。第一章关注具有支配性男性气质的男性角色。第二章介绍体现从属性男性气质的男性角色。第三章分析共谋性男性气质和具有该气质的人物。第四章则是边缘性的男性角色。最后一部分是结论，简单概括研究发现。通过分析《漫长的告别》中的男性气质，希望对研究钱德勒作品的人提示了一种新鲜的解读方式，同时也给研究男性气质的研究者们提供了一种崭新的角度。

关键词：康奈尔 男性气质 钱德勒《漫长的告别》