《小妇人》中教养方式的分析

The Analysis of Parental Styles in Little Women  
摘要
父母教养方式有助于我们了解一个人从童年到成年早期的社会化的过程。美国心理学家戴安娜•鲍姆林德提出了关于教养方式的类型化理论，即将教养方式分为4种类型：权威型、专制型、放纵型以及忽视型。从社会学角度来看，《小妇人》的内容可以简单归结为马奇家四姐妹社会化的过程，其中马奇夫妇的教养方式具有重要作用。根据鲍姆林德的理论，分析得出马奇夫妇的教养方式属于权威型，这有助于我们理解人物言行的统一性、连续性以及小说中所隐含的教育哲学。因此，《小妇人》不仅是一本写给女孩子的书，而且是一本也给父母的书。 
关键词：教养方式，社会化，鲍姆林德，权威型，《小妇人》  

Abstract
Parental style is useful for us to understand the socialization of a person from childhood to early adulthood. From a sociological perspective, the contents of Little Women can be simply described as the socialization of the March sisters, in which the Marches played an important role. Based on the American psychologist Diana Baumrind’s typological theory, which puts forward four different types of parental styles – that is, authoritative, authoritarian, permissive and neglecting-rejecting, the Marches’ parental style is regarded as the authoritative one after careful analysis, which helps us to understand the unity, continuity of the characters’ behaviors and the educational philosophy hidden. As a result, it is not only a book written for girls, but also for parents.
Key words: parental styles, socialization, Baumrind, authoritative, Little Women