摘要：

阿瑟·柯南·道尔是英国著名的推理小说家，他所创造的福尔摩斯这一人物形象深入人心。《血字的研究》是阿瑟·柯南·道尔于1887年创作的小说，这也是他第一本以歇洛克·福尔摩斯为主角的作品。《血字的研究》以华生作为第一人称叙述，有着复杂的叙事技巧，叙事手法堪称完美。从叙事布局上看，这个中篇小说共分为两部，上下部各有七章。
  本论文旨在以福尔摩斯侦探小说所反映的真实社会现象为依据，研究当时英国社会的风貌以及存在的问题。此外，本文尝试以叙述视角的分类为依据，阐释了福尔摩斯侦探小说对不同叙述视角的应用以及产生的效果。
 
关键词：福尔摩斯侦探小说；《血字的研究》；社会现象；叙述视角

Abstract:

Sir Arthur Conan Doyle is a famous English detective writer. Sherlock Holmes he created has enjoyed popular support. A Study in Scarlet was created in 1887 by Sir Arthur Conan, which is the first novel featuring Sherlock Holmes. A Study in Scarlet narrates in the first person of Watson, and has complex and perfect narrative skills. From the perspective of narrative layout, this medium-length novel has two parts, each of which has seven chapters. This thesis aims at studying the real social state and existing problems in Britain at that time based on the real social phenomena reflected by the novels. In addition, the thesis aims at illustrating the different narrative focalizations applied in the novels and their effects.

Key words: The Complete Sherlock Holmes; A Study of Scarlet; social phenomena; Narrative focalization

1. Introduction
    The Complete Sherlock Holmes is a series of stories featuring Sherlock Holmes by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Since A Study in Scarlet was published in 1886, many people have showed great passion on The Complete Sherlock Holmes. And many scholars have made a lot of researches on these stories. The main research directions are the Chinese versions and their influence, acceptance in China. Meanwhile, in the respect of narrative characteristics, significant achievements have been obtained. The scholars have made a very comprehensive and delicate study on The Complete Sherlock Holmes, from the character-building, to the narrative pattern and narrative time, but there still remain many aspects to study on The Complete Sherlock Holmes. I will make a study on the real social phenomena and narrative focalization.  
  1.1 Introduction to Sir Conan Doyle
    Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (22 May 1859 – 7 July 1930) was a Scottish writer and physician, famous for his fictional stories about the detective Sherlock Holmes, which is the milestone in the filed of detective novels. He once studied medicine at University of Edinburgh Medical School. His first work featuring Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson, A Study in Scarlet, was taken by Ward Lock & Co on 20 November 1886. In 1930, he died of heart attack. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle created 56 short detective novels and 4 detective novellas all his life, all of which featured Sherlock Holmes. In addition, he also created other types of novels.