摘要：

中国作家姜戎的长篇小说《狼图腾》是一部研究草原狼的奇作，它以文化大革命为背景，通过知青陈阵的视角叙述了人与狼在蒙古草原这一真实的自然环境中从和谐相处到无法共存的过程，表现了自然主义“让真实的人物在真实的环境里生活”的核心理念；美国作家杰克. 伦敦的探险小说《野性的呼唤》以当时社会的淘金热为背景，描写了大狗巴克这一真实的形象，从文明教化的人类社会回归到原始狼群生活的过程。尽管两书作者属于不同国籍，不同时代，但他们的作品殊途同归，表达了人类对于纯真自然的向往，以及回归自然的渴望。本文就两书中的自然主义进行对比剖析了真实状态下人类的自私与残忍，及其对自然造成的难以复加的影响，同时阐释人类对于自然的敬畏以及保护自然的意识。

关键词：自然主义；《野性的呼唤》；《狼图腾》；对比研究

Abstract:

The Chinese writer Jiang Rung's novel Wolf Totem is a study of prairie wolf, which is set against the Cultural Revolution. From the perspective of youth Chen Zhen . It revealed the process of the wolves and the Mongolian from co-existence to incompatible, and preformed the advocate of naturalism “let real people in a real life environment”; the American writer Jack London’s adventure novel The Call of the Wild, set in current Gold Rush, describes the process of "hero" Buck from civilized human society back to original wolves living. The two writers belong to different nationalities and different times, but their works reach the same goal by different means, which both expressed the human yearning for pure nature, and desire to return to nature. From the theme of naturalism, this thesis analyzed the selfishness and cruelty of people, and the indelible mark that the human made on nature. At the same time, it expresses the worship of nature and the awareness of environment protection.

Key words: naturalism; The Call of the Wild; Wolf Totem; comparative study

1. Introduction
Jack London is an American realist, journalist, and social activist. He started writing from 24 years old and died at age of 40. From 1900, he published numerous novels, revealing the life story of the American lower class and the evil capitalist society. Jack London bore in a broken farmer family; he struggled to survive during his entire childhood. His works are very popular in China and they have been read and praised by lots of Chinese people up to the present. London is a paradoxical man, which is one of the reasons why he and his works have been and are still been studied by all of the world besides the vivid characters, rich and colorful descriptions in his works, especially animals. The Call of the Wild is one of Jack London’s masterpieces, and it’s also expressed the worship of nature and the pursuit of freedom. In the novel of The Call of the Wild, the dog Buck is the hero. He was born in Judge Miller’s place, which was a big family where located in the sun-kissed Santa Clare Valley. He was raised as one of the members of the Judge’s family, and lived abundant life until he was selling by the servant.