摘要：

人权问题一直是一个永恒的话题，自古以来有众多学者都在对之进行探索。人权与我们的生活息息相关，然而不同时期的社会环境所体现的人权问题各不相同。一个时代的文学作品能够很好的反应当时的历史社会，狄更斯作为19世纪中期英国的典型现实主义作家，其文学作品对英国社会有很强烈的反射作用。本文将通过对《雾都孤儿》中人物形象的具体分析，结合当时英国所处社会环境和历史背景，探索十九世纪中期英国社会的具体人权问题。本文意在向读者真实地展现19世纪中期英国人权问题，帮助读者更好地了解当时英国社会，从而对人权问题有更深刻的认知。通过本文研究发现，受工业革命和资本主义化的影响，19世纪中期的英国社会主要面临以下问题：对女性和犹太人的歧视；对基督教的崇拜以及贫富差距的不平等。

关键词：《雾都孤儿》；人物分析；人权；英国社会 ；19世纪中期

Abstract:

Human right is an eternal topic, many people throughout the history has explored it. In fact, the topic is close to our daily life, however, human right differs from different period of social surroundings. As the saying goes, literary works of the contemporary time can be a good reflection of its history and society. Charles Dickens is the representative of realism in mid-19th century of England, which means that his work can have a strong reflection of the time. The paper picks up one of Dickens most famous work Oliver Twist, which combines the analysis of several characters with the British social surroundings in order to have a better understanding of the topic of human right. Purpose of the paper is to show its readers the problem of human right thoroughly, which will be of much help to readers to know the British society as well as the topic. Through the research, it is easy to sense that due to the influence of the Industrial revolution and Capitalism, the society of England in the mid-19th century faced the phenomena of prejudice on women and Jew, unfairness between rich and poor as well as praise for Christianity.

Key words: Oliver Twist; character analysis; human rights; British society; mid-19th century.

1. Introduction
    Human right is an eternal topic and it is widely discussed by scholars all through the world. People in the world has been searching for thousands of years to reach the legal rights of human beings. Nowadays the society emphasizes the importance of human beings which means that human right is closely related to our daily life. Honestly speaking, the system of human right is quite complete in the present society compared with the ancient times. However, things are quite different in hundred years ago. And so, it is necessary for people to have a general knowledge of the problems of human rights in ancient time. England contributes a lot to the development of human society, it is well-known that England was once called “the empire on which the sun never sets”, which means that learning its culture is quite significant. In fact, learning the society of England will help people to know the whole world’s culture. It is known that literacy of contemporary time can greatly reflects the culture; Charles Dickens is the representative of realism in the mid-19th century, and readers can learn the issue of human rights through deeply analyzing his novel. Oliver Twist, as one of the greatest works of Charles Dickens, is well-known all through the world. The novel has deeply revealed the realities of England and it enjoys a high reputation. The reason of choosing this novel is that it has deeply reflected the issue of human rights in England. This paper will try to analysis characters of the novel and thus help readers to have a basic knowledge of human rights in the mid-19th century in England.