摘要：

《最蓝的眼睛》是首位美国非裔女作家诺贝尔文学奖获得者托尼·莫瑞森的处女作，小说不仅展现了20世纪四五十年代的美国社会风情，而且揭示了非裔群体的种种社会悲剧及其根源。莫瑞森的作品关注黑人的现实生活困境和内在精神困境，具有深厚的历史性和民族性。
本文将在美国成长小说的理论视域下，从社会、家庭以及自我三方面探寻小说女主角佩科拉的悲剧原因。成长是人生命历程中的重要组成部分，成长小说是一个成熟的小说范式。以成长小说主人公，成长模式，成长引路人以及结局等要素来体现黑人小女孩在成长中遇到的来自社会、家庭以及自我的成长阻力，展现黑人小女孩成长的艰辛，并指出关注非裔女性成长的重要性。

关键词：《最蓝的眼睛》；美国成长小说；成长

Abstract:

The Bluest Eye is the first novel of Toni Morrison, the first female African American Nobel Prize winner in literature. The novel not only shows the American society’s situation in 1940s and 1950s, but also exposes the tragedy of African American females and its reasons.
This paper will analyze the reason of Pecola’s tragedy from the theory of American initiation story. Growth is an important topic in one’s life and the initiation story is a mature model. From the initiation story’s element: the protagonist, the traditional growth pattern, the initiation guides and the end of the growth, the paper will show the hardness of a black girl’s growth and point out the importance of paying attention to the growth of African American female.

Key words: The Bluest Eye; American initiation story; growth

1. Introduction
  1.1 The introduction to Toni Morrison
As one of the most important African-American female writer in 20th and even in the early 21st Century, Toni Morrison has been a monument in American literature. In 1993, she became the first African-American female to receive Nobel Prize in literature, and enjoys great reputation of being literature master from then on. Her novels are known for their epic themes, vivid dialogues, and richly detailed characters.
Toni Morrison was born in Chloe Anthony Wofford on February 18, 1931 in Lorain, Ohio, a multiracial steel town near the shore of Lake Eire. Her father was an electric welder and her mother was a maidservant of a white family, so she grew up in a very traditional black family. She attended Howard University, one of the most reputable black colleges in 1949, majoring in English and minoring Classic. After that, she received an M.A. from Cornell University in 1995 and finished a thesis on William Faulkner and Virginia Woolf there. Toni Morrison knew well about their works which gave much influence on her own writing style.