摘要：

毛姆是英国著名作家，也是二十世纪上半叶最受欢迎的小说家之一。《人生的枷锁》是毛姆的代表作，带有明显的自传色彩，同时被认为现代文学的经典之作。小说讲述主人公菲利普从小失去父母，寄居在当牧师的伯伯家，从童年的孤苦伶仃到青年的徘徊苦闷最后找到人生意义的这一成长经历。在此过程中，菲利普作为一个独立的个体，遭受到人生的痛苦和孤独，体验人生的虚无，但菲利普并没有放弃对生活的希望，而是正视生活的现实，进行积极的思考和自由选择，在困境中以行动追求个人存在的价值。本文在前人的基础上，通过萨特存在主义哲学的核心理论，即“存在先于本质”，“世界是荒谬的，人生是痛苦的”及“自由选择”，对本小说的存在主义思想做出分析和阐释，从存在主义的角度对小说的主人公菲利普做出的解读。

关键词：毛姆；《人生的枷锁》；存在主义；萨特

Abstract:

William Somerset Maugham (1874-1965) is a famous British novelist, and also one of the most popular novelists in the twentieth century. Of Human Bondage is his masterpiece with the quality of autobiography obviously, while was called a classic work of modernist literature. The novel tells Philip’s growth, he experiences the death of his parents and is adopted by his uncle who is a pastor, then experiences the lonely childhood, the depressed youth, and finally he finds the meaning of life. During this process, as an isolated body, Philip suffers a lot, but he never gives up the hope of life, faces the reality, considers active and chooses for himself freely, purses the value of one being in several dilemma. Based on the previous research, this paper is going to use the three core theories of Sartre’s existentialism, “existence precedes essence”, “the world is absurd, the life is suffering”, “free choice and responsibility”. It gives a new interpretation of the protagonist in this novel from the perspective of existentialism philosophy.

Key words: Maugham, Of Human Bondage, existentialism, Sartre