Abstract
This paper selects Edgar Allan Poe’s classic detective short story- The Murders in the Rue Morgue as data and is aimed at analyzing the types of presupposition employed and its functions as well. Based on Yule’s Presupposition theory and pragmatic presupposition, the paper classifies presupposition into six kinds: existential, factive, non-factive, lexical, structural, counterfactual and context. Combining with the presupposition triggers, it further summarizes the distribution of seven types of presupposition occurred in the story. It concludes the existential presupposition is statistically prominent in the story. Then the structural presupposition occupies more than a half and the lexical one is close to 30% which reflects presupposition triggers play the pivotal role in structural and lexical presupposition. In terms of presupposition’s functions, Presupposition not only transmits information which helps the readers find the truth of the case, but also makes the article much terse since presupposition entails common ground.
Keywords   Detective Story   Presupposition   Classification   Function Presupposition trigger

本文选用爱伦坡经典短篇小说《莫格街杀人案》作为语料，旨在分析文中用到的预设的种类及其功能。本文主要采用了美国学者Yule的分类方法，并添加了语用预设的内容，将预设分为存在预设，事实预设，非事实预设，词汇预设，结构预设，反事实预设和语境预设。联系预设触发语，本文归纳了这七种预设在小说中的分布。存在预设是全文的基础，所有的信息和推理都离不开存在预设。其他五类之中，源于预设触发语的词汇预设和结构预设所占比重最大。结构预设比重过半，词汇预设将近三成。可见预设触发语意义重大。功能方面，预设不仅在行文中为读者传递解开案件谜底的重要信息，也使得全文显得简洁明了，无重复赘述之嫌。
关键词  侦探小说   预设   分类   功能  预设触发语

As a significant concept in logical semantics, presupposition is generally used in many aspects, such as communicating, negotiating, advertising, creating and so on. Detective stories are very popular around the world. Many authors and their works are well known, such as Agatha Christie, Arthur Conan Doyle, Edgar Allan Poe and etc. This thesis explores the application of presupposition in detective stories. As detective stories are a literary form, detective stories are usually studied in literature, but this thesis provides a new angle of presupposition to appreciate these detective stories for the readers.