摘要

英国著名作家托马斯·哈代最伟大的小说《德伯家的苔丝》描写的是一个19世纪英国农村下层贫穷善良的劳动女性苔丝的悲剧命运。女主人公苔丝曲折多变的悲惨命运、连连受挫的爱情、矛盾复杂的人物性格，一直都是文学评论家关注的焦点，其悲剧人生的缘由更是成为了历来学界的研究对象。首先，本文将结合小说中的悲剧情节以及列举自然环境中的悲剧象征来呈现人物的悲剧命运。接下来，本文将从四大方面来分析苔丝悲惨命运的必然性，包括维多利亚时期社会的种种弊端，即传统道德的偏见、宗教伦理的迫害以及资本主义法律的虚伪。同时再对小说人物性格缺陷进行分析，苔丝本人的保守思想以及她的骄傲和被动性，以及亚雷和安玑都是导致她悲剧的一大因素。此外，包括各种巧合和偶然因素也加速了苔丝的悲剧。通过原因分析，从而更好地理解作者在塑造人物悲剧时所体现出的自然主义以及现实主义写作风格。

关键词：托马斯·哈代；《德伯家的苔丝》；苔丝；命运；悲剧成因

Abstract

Tess of the d’Urbervilles, the greatest novel by British famous writer Thomas Hardy, describes the misfortune of a poor but virtuous working woman Tess from the British rural underclass in the nineteenth century. Tess’s winding and tragic fate, her frustrated love and complex character have always been the focuses of literary critics, and the cause of her tragedy has been the research object of the academic. Firstly, this paper represents the heroine’s tragic fate in light of tragic plots and tragic signals of natural environment. Then this paper mainly analyses the inevitability of the heroine’s tragic fate from four factors, including the flaws of society in Victorian Era, namely the bias of its traditional moral ethics, religious persecution and hypocrisy of the capitalist law. Meanwhile, this paper comprehensively analyzes Tess’s tragic fate from the weakness of characters’ personality. Tess’s conservativeness, pride and passivity and Alec as well as Angel are responsible for her tragic fate. Additionally, Tess’s tragedy is definitely aggravated by various accidents and coincidences. The analysis on Tess of the d’Urbervilles is made to better understand the author’s naturalism and realism through this work.

Key words: Thomas Hardy; Tess of the d’Urbervilles; Tess; fate; tragic factors