Abstract

     With the existence and development of ecofeminism, it has been widely adopted to research on literature in the field of literary criticism. Ecofeminist hold the view that women were born closer to nature than men. However, owing to dualism, women have suffered from the misery and distress by patriarchal society, which was similar to the nature which was destroyed by the industrialization.
     Although, Tess of the d'Urbervilles has been interpreted from different perspectives, it still deserves the further exploration from the ecofeminist view. Therefore, an ecofeminist reading of the novel will help us well understand what Hardy wants to express. The first part of this essay will focus on the points that Tess was the daughter of nature from four aspects. From the physical appearance of Tess to the personalities that she possessed, and from her fate which corresponded with the alternation of seasons to the two contradictory sides in Tess, this essay will show us the close relationship between Tess and nature step by step. Then, the second part will analyze the relationship between the traditional rural agricultural and the modem capitalist industry. With the development of industrial revolution, the rural agriculture was gradually disintegrated and the bankrupt peasantry represented by Tess in the novel was suffering from torture. Last but not least, the last part will dig the reasons that cause Tess to death by analyzing the male characters in the novel. This part will practically explore Tess’s tragic fate as the result of industrialization and patriarchal society.
     An ecofeminist reading of Tess of the d’Urbervilles will help the reader to understand this novel from a new angle and thus to highlight the rational elements of Hardy’s views on nature and women.

Key words: Ecofeminism   patriarchy   industrial revolution   nature   Tess of the d’Urbervilles
 
摘要

  随着生态女性主义的形成和发展，生态女性主义被广泛运用文学研究领域中的文学批评中去。生态女性主义认为，女性相较于男性更贴近自然。然而在价值二元论思想的影响下，男权社会中的女性与工业化进程中的自然遭受着同样的难难和折磨。
  虽然关于《德伯家的苔丝》的研究已经非常多了。但是从生态女性角度进一步研究该作品，将会帮助我们更好的理解哈代想要表达的观点。本文的第一部分关于苔丝是自然的女儿从4个方面对该论点进行论证。从苔丝的外貌到苔丝的个性，从苔丝与自然中季节交替相对应的命运到苔丝的两面性，该部分将会逐步展示苔丝与自然的亲密关系。第二部分则分析了传统农业与现代工业的关系。随着工业革命的不断发展，传统农业逐步瓦解，以苔丝为代表的农民阶级遭遇了许多痛苦与折磨。最后一个部分分析了小说中的三名男性角色，他们与苔丝的悲剧有着密切联系，该部分探究了苔丝在工业化进程和父权制社会下的悲惨命运。
  总之，生态女性主义理论帮助读者从一个新的角度去理解《德伯家的苔丝》，由此强调哈代对于女性和自然观点中的理性因素。

关键词：女性生态主义  父权制  工业革命  自然   德伯家的苔丝