从《瓦尔登湖》看亨利•大卫•梭罗精神境界的升华过程

The Sublimating Process of Henry D Thoreau’s Mental World According to Walden

摘要

亨利•大卫•梭罗是美国十九世纪最伟大的作家之一。他的作品涉及范围广泛，是美国社会一笔珍贵的文学和文化遗产。梭罗被尊称为美国文学历史上的第一位自然阐释者和美国第一位环境主义圣徒。《瓦尔登湖》是其代表作，书中详细记录了他在瓦尔登湖两年多的独自生活经历和思想感悟

梭罗去瓦尔登湖独自生活，主要是受到了内外两种因素的影响。外在因素主要是人们被物质所驱使不断掠夺自然，追求物质财富，忽视了精神追求。为了唤醒世人，梭罗决定走向瓦尔登湖寻找理想的生活。内在因素是梭罗深深的受到了超验主义的影响。不同于其它超验主义者，梭罗是超验主义的实践家。因此他走向瓦尔登湖，去亲身体验超验主义思想，去寻找人在自然中的合适位置。

梭罗独自生活在瓦尔登湖畔，他的精神境界也经历了自然境界、科学境界和艺术境界三个过程。首先梭罗的生活简朴，生活需求降到最低。因为只有这样，人们才能真正的体验生活，而不是麻木地为了生活而生存。其次，梭罗又科学而谨慎的生活着，他像科学家一样对自然进行细致的分析记录，并试图从季节的变化中找到生活的本质。他积极的利用自然的启示，将自己的思想糅合到对自然的记录中，使其真实自然而又不乏味无趣。梭罗拥有发现美的眼睛，他用心去观察周围的世界，最终获得精神上的升华。

梭罗所追求的理想生活是与自然和谐共处的简单生活，他所倡导的生活方式无疑为我们提供了独特的审视视角，为处理好人与自然的关系指出了一条道路。

关键词：梭罗，《瓦尔登湖》，精神境界，升华

Abstract
Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862) is one of the greatest writers of the 19th-century American. His work involves a wide range, and is a precious literary and cultural heritage of American society. Thoreau is known as a natural interpretation literature and the first American environmentalists Saints in the history of American. In his representative book Walden, he keeps a detailed record of his life experiences and ideas at Walden.
Thoreau goes to Walden Pond to live alone, mainly due to both internal and external factors. External factor is that people ignore the spiritual pursuit while gaining material wealth and consuming natural resources. In order to awaken the world, Thoreau decided to move to Walden looking for the ideal life. The internal factor is that his deeply influence of Transcendentalism. Different from other transcendentalists, Thoreau is a transcendentalism practitioner. He went to Walden Pond to experience the transcendental ideas and find humans an appropriate location in the nature.
Thoreau’s mental world experiences three processes while living alone at Walden Pond. They are natural realm, scientific realm and literary realm. First of all, Thoreau lives a simple life and limits life needs to a minimum. Only in way people can experience life, or they will take living as the purpose of existence. Second, Thoreau lives a scientific and cautious life. He analysis and records nature as carefully as a scientist trying to find the essence of life through the change of seasons. He makes full use of natural revelation, blending his own ideas to the record of the nature, to make the true nature without boring. Thoreau has sharp eyes that can find the beauty of nature. He ultimately gets spiritual sublimation by careful observation of the world around.
Thoreau’s ideal life is a simple life harmony with nature. The lifestyle he advocates undoubtedly provides us with a unique point of view and points out a road to deal with the relationship between man and nature.
Key words: Henry David Thoreau, Walden, mental world, sublimation

Contents

摘要 II

Abstract III

1  Introduction 1

2  Literature Review of Thoreau’s Mental World 4

2.1 Foreign Research on Thoreau’s Mental World 4

2.2 Domestic research on Thoreau’s Mental World 5

3  Motivations of Thoreau’s Going to Walden 7

3.1 External Motivation 7

3.2 Internal Motivation 10

4  Three Sublimating Processes of Mental World 13

4.1 Natural Realm 14

4.2 Scientific Realm 17

4.3 Literary Realm 18

5   Conclusion 20

References 22