摘  要

本文主要分析悲剧净化学说在文学中的应用。文中描绘了悲剧净化学说的功能在于人的情感得到宣泄。 在悲剧净化学说史中，亚里士多德在《诗学》里提到过一个概念，它的目的就是剖析人们在观看悲剧时候的反应，以及观看悲剧之后人的情绪会发生怎样的变化。这样的一些变化所带来的后果到底是好是坏，就是悲剧净化学说所研究的内容。悲剧净化学说起源于柏拉图的城邦净化学说，而两者不同的地方在于：悲剧净化学说认为，悲剧会带来恐惧、愤怒之类的负面情绪；在人们的负面情绪得到宣泄的同时，正面情绪也会随之而来；柏拉图的城邦净化学说则是全面否定悲剧所带来的效果，它希望人们按照一定的轨迹生活；那些不适合居住在城市里的人则应该被予以驱逐。前者关注人的本身，后者倾向于在政治上更好地统治。本文通过《哈姆雷特》，来诠释这一观点。

关键词：悲剧；净化；功能

Abstract

This paper aims to study the application of purification of tragedy. It describes the inherent function of people’s catharsis of emotion. Tragedy purification is a concept that is mentioned in Poetics by Aristotle. Its destination is to analyse the reaction of people who watches tragedy and their changes after watching tragedy. Whether these changes are good or not is the content of tragedy purification. Tragedy purification comes from Plato’s Polis Purification theory. The tragedy purification theory shows that tragedy takes the emotion of anger and fear. When these bad emotions are released, some good emotion will come. Polis purification aims to make people live in a certain life. Some citizens who have not achieved the principle of the city should be expelled. The former pays attention to people, the latter wants to govern easier. This paper annotates this by Hamlet.

Key words: tragedy; purification; function