Abstract
The history of European medieval dramas is called the “the dark millennium” for the “monopoly” of religious drama formed by the rapid development of religious influence.
Religious dramas, including miracle plays, mystery plays, moral plays, etc., are dramas aim to improve religious ideas through religious stories. Those dramas not only tell the stories in the Holy Bible but also the sagas passed on from ancient time. Some of them show the raising and salvation of Virgin Mary and the exaggerated stories of saints’ life to force the medieval audiences to abide by the religious system. The development of medieval religious dramas arouses the contemplation of the influences of the authorities and social ideology on the play writers which distort the fundamental thoughts of the Holy Bible while religious dramas explicate the biblical truth.
The paper, with the framework of reader-response criticism, in the way of comparison, from the perspective of “pre-understanding”, by the integration of social, religious and historical elements, discusses differences between the theology of the Holy Bible and medieval religious dramas, then figure out that the key reason for the wrong explication is the wrong ideology imposed by the medieval religion. Thus, the paper calls on establishing correct pre-understanding, or good prejudice.
Keywords   the Medieval Ages   religious drama   pre-understanding   the Holy Bible

欧洲中世纪的戏剧被称为黑暗千年的中世纪戏剧，由于这一时期基督教教会发展迅速，中世纪戏剧在教会神学以及宗教意识的影响下形成了一种宗教剧“垄断”的现象。
宗教剧，是欧洲中世纪以宗教故事为题材、宣传宗教观点的戏剧，包括奇迹剧、神秘剧、道德剧等。其中既有圣经内容，也有虚构的传说故事。部分戏剧传播圣母升天并解救人类并夸大神迹，以此诱导甚至造成胁迫观众臣服于宗教体系。中世纪宗教剧的发展让人深思，宗教剧创作者受当权者及社会思想意识影响，在阐释《圣经》真理的过程中，歪曲了《圣经》的根本思想。
本论文在读者批评的框架中，用比较的方法，从“前理解”的视角，结合中世纪的社会、宗教、历史因素，在对《诺亚》和《玛利亚》分析的基础上比较了《圣经》神学与中世纪宗教剧内容的不同点，发现导致人们不当阐释的根本原因在于中世纪宗教强加于人们的不当思想，呼吁人们建立正确的前见。
关键词  中世纪   宗教剧   前理解理论   《圣经》