摘要

《德伯家的苔丝》是英国著名作家哈代创作的长篇小说，这是一部深刻表现悲剧性主题的作品。农家女苔丝，天生丽质，整个一生命运坎坷，家境一贫如洗，父亲酷爱酗酒，不务正业；苔丝性情十分单纯，善良，却被纨绔子弟诱奸；她真心爱的人因世俗缘故想弃她而去。一连串不幸的命运并非偶然，而是有其家庭、社会等一系列的必然。本文通过对苔丝一生的剖析来探索其悲剧的根源，苔丝的悲剧不仅有其深刻的经济根源和阶级根源，而且还有伦理道德和宗教法律方面的因素。苔丝本身的的性格在一定程度上造成了自己的悲剧，另外她的悲剧也与亚雷以及克莱这两个人物有关。 

关键词：《德伯家的苔丝》；悲剧；根源
 
Abstract
Tess of the D’Urbervilles is written by Hardy, a well-known British writer. This novel presented the tragic life of Tess. Tess, a peasant girl, was born with beauty. But she had led a tragic life and lived in poverty for her whole life. She was very unfortunate. She had a father who was addicted to wine and never took a formal occupation. Tess was very pure and good and honest. However, she was seduced by a rich man’s son. The one whom she really loved left her due to the social conventions. A series of unfortunate happenings were not coincidences. This thesis aims at finding out the roots of her tragic life. Her tragic life was caused by economic reasons and moral , religious and legal reasons. What’s more, her personal characters had also led to her tragedy to some extent. Finally, her tragic life had something to do with Angel and Alec.

Key words: Tess of the D’Urbervilles; tragedy; reasons
 
1. Introduction
1.1 Introduction of Hardy
    Living at the turn of the century, Hardy is usually considered to be a transitional writer. He has inherited the fine tradition of British critical realism and opened a way for the British literature of the 20th century. He is an influential British poet and writer. He has published almost 20 novels. The character and environment novels are the most famous. And Tess of the D’Urbervillesis and Jude the Obscure are universally considered to be representatives of Hardy. His works reflected changes in the society, economy, politics, morals and customs and so on happened after the capitalism invaded the rural towns in Britain and his works also reflected people’s wretched life, especially those of women to expose the hypocritical morals, laws and religion of the bourgeoisie. His novels were usually based on country life and exposed and criticized the civilization and morals of capitalist society. His novels were full of pessimism. In his Wessex novels, there is an obvious nostalgic tinge when he describes the gorgeous and simple rural life, which was gradually disappearing and declining as English were moving into industrial country. He was once influenced by Spencer’s “The First Principle”, which resulted in that he begun to believe that the fate of human beings was a predetermined tragedy.