摘要

    十九世纪末英国杰出的批判现实主义小说家托马斯•哈代在《德伯家的苔丝》中给我们讲述了一个美丽、朴实、善良的少女苔丝悲剧而又短暂的一生。本文主要是研究哈代笔下苔丝注定的悲剧命运成因研究，探讨其悲剧在当代社会背景下所发生的必然性。哈代一生对希腊悲剧、莎士比亚悲剧研读不已，并受叔本华悲剧意识影响，认同近代科学思想上的怀疑派论调，致使他对人生的见解悲观宿命论。国内外诸多学者对此论题做出了很多的研究和看法。到底是什么促成了苔丝的悲剧的一生？社会的黑暗，资本主义的剥削本质，虚伪的宗教以及苔丝个人的个人性格特征都促使这个悲剧的命运发生。这种注定的悲剧命运在十九世纪资本主义社会中是不可避免的。

关键词：宗教；资本主义；鲜明性格

Abstract

In the end of the 19th century, Hardy is a critical realism novelist. The novel tells us a story that a beautiful, pure and kind girl experiences a painful life. This paper does deeply probe into the doomed fate of Tess and discuss the possibility of this tragic life under that social background. Hardy read the works written by Shakespeare a lot and was influenced by the opinion of Schopenhauer, which lead him to have a negative attitude towards one’s life. Scholars at home and abroad have different ideas lead to the predestination of Tess. All in all, the darkness of the society, the exploitative relationship of capitalism, the false moral of the religion and the fault of Tess’s character that lead to her doomed fat, which is impossible to be avoided at that time.

Key words: Tess of the D’urberville; religion; capitalism; character

1. Introduction
1.1. The main idea of the book
This book Tess of the D’urberville was about how a pure girl was killed by the society. Tess was a beautiful girl in a country. She was so pure and kind-hearted that she looked more charming. She worked for the mysterious Mrs d’Urberville because of the poverty of their family. As a result, she was seduced by master’s son and gave birth to a boy. Due to this false event, Tess was disdained by others around the country. With the great pressure and the death of her son, she left her home for a milk house to work. There she came across a handsome boy called Angel Clare who was the son of a priest. They fell in love with each other and got marriage. However, when Tess confessed to her husband her past on their wedding night, Angel put her away and went to Brazil alone. Tess’ life was filled with poverty and insult; she had no choice but to become a mistress of Alec. At this moment, Angel came back and regretted abandoning her. He wanted to get together with her again. But it was too late for them. At last, Tess, a pure and kind person, got the courage to kill Alec who brought the pain to Tess’s life. They fled from a place to another place and had several happy days. Finally, Tess was caught by the policemen and sentenced to death.