摘要

本文从《乌鸦》一诗着手探讨了爱伦坡的象征主义在诗歌中的体现，及由“美女之夭亡”而衍生的死亡之美。本文先从全诗的情景设定上来分析这首诗的主题，然后再从意象上来分析诗歌的死亡之美。关于意象方面的分析，本文是从三个方面来处理的：一是诗歌中的三个主要意象，即乌鸦、智慧女神的半身雕像，门;二是诗歌中表示光明与黑暗冲突的意象，三是其他的意象，如动觉意象，视觉意向等。通过对意象的分析，本文认为，坡的象征主义是人类内心不安与彷徨的宣泄，通过这样的宣泄，人类能够从绝望的情绪得到解救，从而带来灵魂的升华。坡关于“死亡”的探索让读者体会到死亡其实是一种“ 善” , 甚至死是“解脱人类痛苦的最彻底的方式”。也就是说,“死亡”是一种美, 一种“超凡之美” ！

关键词：爱伦坡；诗歌；乌鸦；象征主义；意象；死亡之美

Abstract

This paper discusses the reflection of Edgar Allan Poe’s symbolism in his poetry from The Raven, and the beauty of death originated from a beautiful woman’s death. This paper first analyzes the theme of the poem in scene setting aspect, and then analyzes the beauty of death from the image aspect. As for the image, this paper analyzes it from three perspectives: the first one is the three main images, namely the raven、 the bust of Pallas、and the door. The second one is the images that stand for the confliction of light and darkness. And the third one is other images, for instance Kinaesthetic image and visual image and so on. Through the analysis of these images, the paper argues that Poe’s symbolism is a way of vent by which people can release their inner anxiety and uncertainty, and can get rescued from despair emotion. Moreover, people can have their hearts and soul improved. Poe’s exploration about death lets realize that death is actually a kind of kindness, and even a kind of the most completely relief from human’s sufferings. In other words, death is a kind of beauty, a kind of extraordinary beauty!

Key words: Edgar Allan Poe; poem; the raven; symbolism; image; the beauty of death

1. The Background Information of Symbolism
Originating from France in the middle of the 19th century, symbolism literature, which was mainly focus on drama and poetry, appeared in a very early time and had a prior influence in the western modernist literature movement. At the beginning of its formation, it was popular mostly in France, and later on it became to spread the worldwide. Symbolism literature opinions that ambiguous and obscure suggestions should be used while writing in stead of accurate statements, and it’s the collocation of speech and metre that wake up on the emotions which hides in people’s deep soul.   Although the word of symbolism was first appeared in 1886, Baudelaire and Poe had already involved some symbolic ideas in their works as early as in the middle of the nineteenth century, thus they can be regarded as the pioneers of symbolism, especially there was a significant influence of Edgar Allan Poe's theory and creation on the formation of French symbolism.