摘要

  指示是语用学的一个重要部分，他可以指出语言和使用语言的语境间的密切关系。一般而言，指示语有五大类，即人称指示，时间指示，方位指示，篇章指示和社会指示。本文主要分析的是人称指示，通过对中英文中的人称指示进行对比，指出其语用功能的异同。人称指示用于表示言语事件中的参与者，可分为第一人称指示﹑第二人称指示及第三人称指示。一般来说，第一人称代表的是说话人，而第二人称代表的是受话者，在交际中，两者是不断进行交换的，但第三人称不是必可不少的，且他可以处于交际情景之中，也可能在情景之外。除了以上类别之分，人称指示语还有单复数之分，在英汉语用中，其语用功能各有异同，本文将对此进行分析研究。

关键词：人称指示， 语用功能， 英汉对比

Abstract

    Deixis can indicate the relationship between language and the context. Commonly, deixis is divided into five types: person deixis , time deixis, place deixis, discourse deixis and social deixis. The paper will discuss the person deixis. According to comparing the person deixis between English and Chinese, this paper expresses the difference and similarities of the pragmatic function. Person deixis refers to the participants in communication and includes the first person, the second person and the third person. Generally, the first person indicates the addresser and the second person indicates the addressee. In communication, the first and second person are exchanging their places. As for the third person, it is not essential in communication. Sometimes, it is in the context, but it may beyond the context. Besides, person deixis has singular form and plural form. We will discuss their pragmatic function between English and Chinese in the following.

Key words: person deixis, pragmatic function, comparison between English and Chinese

1. Introduction
Person deixis can indicate the role of participants in communication and show who is taking part in a new conversation. The basic person deixis include expressions which necessarily refer to participant roles in the speech event; that is to say, they must distinguish among the speaker, the person to whom the utterance is addressed, and the other person or persons who may be spoken about but who are neither speaker nor listener in the speech event under consideration. Person deictic expressions may encode information of several different sorts concerning the identification of participant roles, including the gender of the referent and the number of individual represented by the referent. The first person, the second person and the third person are three categories of person deixis. Besides, it has singular form and plural form.