英汉差异对学生翻译实践的影响_英语论文

A Contrastive Study between Chinese and English and Its Influence on the Students' Translation Practice

摘要

作为两种完全不同的语言体系，汉语和英语必然存在着差别，它们之间的分歧是不可逆转的。 这些差异不仅体现在语词本身，还体现在文字所附着的思维方式,甚至是民族心理和文化内涵上。 总的来说，汉语和英语之间存在着许多方面的差异。

这篇论文将重点分析英汉语之间的差异及其对学生翻译实践的影响。学生将通过语言对比了解英汉语之间的差异及其重要性，获得对两种语言和文化更为深刻的认识，而最终在综合素质发展方面获益。 

关键词： 英汉对比； 英语学习； 翻译

Abstract

As two completely different language systems, Chinese and English inevitably differ from one another and their differences are irreversible. These differences are not only reflected at the verbal level but also in the thinking model on which words and sentences rely, even at a deeper level of national psychology and a more profound level of culture. In a word, Chinese and English have many aspects of differences.

This paper will focus on the contrast between Chinese and English and its influence on the students' translation practice. The students will understand its significance and know the differences between the two languages through the comparison between English and Chinese which can in turn help them achieve a more profound understanding of English study. A contrast between English and Chinese not only enables students to strengthen their knowledge of the two languages but also is of instructive significance from which the students will obtain a comprehensive development.

Key words: contrast between English and Chinese；English study； translation

Contents

Acknowledgements. .(I)

摘要.(II)

Abstract.(III)

Introduction (1)

1 Differences between the cultural background of China and English.(1)

    1.1 The difference of history (1)

    1.2 The difference of religion(2)

2 Analysis of the differences between English and Chinese (2)

  2.1Differences on the word level.(2)

    2.1.1 The semantic scopes of vocabulary are different.(3)

    2.1.2 The connotative meanings of vocabulary are different. (3)

    2.1.3 The words’ formations are different.(4)

  2.2Differences on the grammatical level.(4)

    2.2.1 The grammatical morphology of English and Chinese(4)

    2.2.2 The morphological configuration of the English grammar and the Chinese grammar.(5)

  2.3 Differences on the organizational level (5)

    2.3.1 The difference of language organic act(5)

    2.3.2 The difference of connective and translational processing.(6)

    2.3.3 Parallel and prose(7)

3 Analysis of the students’ problems in translation  .(8)

 3.1Analysis of the vocabulary problems in translation study (8)

    3.1.1 Interpreting without real understanding(8)

    3.1.2 The lack of cultural background knowledge .(8)

    3.1.3 The wrong collocation(9)

  3.2Analysis of the grammatical problems in translation study(9)

    3.2.1 The inconsistent subject-predicate relation(10)

    3.2.2 Tense.(10)

    3.2.3 The incorrect collocations.(10)

    3.2.4 The incorrect articles(11)

  3.3Analysis of the organizational problems in translation study (11)

    3.3.1 Amplification and omission(12)

    3.3.2 Artistic conception.(12)

4 How to solve the problems students meet in translation?  .(12)

  4.1 Logic.(12)

  4.2 Tense(13)

  4.3 Vocabulary.(13)

5 Analysis of the significance in translation study . .(13)

Conclusion . (14)

References  (15)