从目的论视角看《老友记》字幕的翻译_英语论文

On the Subtitle Translation of Friends from the Perspective of Skopos Theory

摘要

在一个日益全球化的世界,影视作品为全球的文化交流做出了重大贡献。《老友记》作为在中国最受好评的美剧之一，在中国拥有众多粉丝。然而由于中美两国在语言及文化上的差异，《老友记》的翻译绝非易事。

本文以目的论为理论指导，分析《老友记》的字幕翻译，将目的论的三原则运用到翻译中，从而使字幕翻译达到预期的功能和效果。根据目的原则，字幕翻译是有目的的行为，通过提供简洁有效的信息使目的语观众理解和接受原语文本信息并获得与原语观众同样的情感体验。其次根据文内一致原则，翻译后的字幕必须能够被目的语观众理解和接受，这就要求译者在翻译过程中必须关注目的语观众的期望，用符合他们的语言文化背景来达到交际的目的。又根据忠实原则，原文与译文之间应该存在语际连贯一致，但与原文忠实的程度和形式取决于译文的目的和译者对原文的理解。

通过举例和分析，本文得出结论，功能主义翻译目的论适宜作为美国情景喜剧《老友记》字幕翻译的指导原则。在翻译时，译者应牢记译文的功能和目的，考虑目标观众的文化习惯和接受能力，运用适当的翻译方法，从而真正地达到预期的功能和目的。

关键词：目的论；老友记；字幕翻译

Abstract

In an increasingly globalized world, film and television products have made a great contribution to the global cultural exchange. Friends, a famous American sitcom, is very popular in China. However, because of the huge differences between the source and target languages and cultures, its translation is not an easy job.

In this paper, the author evaluates the translations of subtitles from the Skopostheorie. The three rules are applied to analyze the effects of the Chinese subtitles of Friends. According to the “Skopos Rule”, the purpose is to make the target audience understand and acquire the original information and then gain the same spiritual experience as the source audience does. And the “Coherence Rule” means the translator should consider the feelings of the target audience and insure the target text is consistent with their language and culture. The “Fidelity Rule” required that the target text should be loyal to the source text as much as possible, but the degree and form of fidelity to the original text depends on the purpose of the translation.

By illustrating and analyzing, we can conclude that Skopos theory is quite instructive for the subtitle translation of Friends. Translators should remember the functions and purposes of the translation, and take different cultures and the target audience into consideration in translating the subtitles.

Key Words: Skopostheorie; Friends; subtitle translation

Contents

1 Introduction 1

2 Literature Review 1

3 Skopos Theory 2

3.1 Basic Concepts of Skopostheorie 2

3.2 Main Rules in Skopostheorie 2

3.2.1 The Skopos Rule 2

3.2.2 The Coherent Rule 3

3.2.3 The Fidelity Rule 4

3.3 Functions of Skopos Theory in Translation 4

3.3.1 Guidance 5

3.3.2 Evaluation 5

4 General Introduction to Friends and its Subtitles 6

4.1 A Brief Introduction to Friends 6

4.2 Features of the Subtitles in Friends 6

4.2.1 Brevity 6

4.2.2 Colloquialism 7

4.2.3 Humor 7

4.3 Translation Problems in the Subtitle Translation of Friends 8

4.3.1 Linguistic Problems 8

4.3.2 Cultural Problems 9

4.3.3 Pragmatic Problems 10

5 Application of the Three Rules in Subtitle Translation of Friends 11

5.1 Subtitle Translation as a Purposeful Activity 11

5.2 Applying the Three Rules of Skopostheorie to Subtitle Translation 11

5.2.1 The Skopos Rule 11

5.2.2 The Coherent Rule 12

5.2.3 The Fidelity Rule 12

6 Conclusion 13

References 15