《汤姆·索亚历险记》的语用分析_英语论文

Pragmatic Analysis of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer

摘要

儿童文学在文学体系之中扮演了一个十分重要的角色，向儿童传达良好的品质与展现美丽的世界。在这篇文章中，作者以著名的儿童文学作品《汤姆·索亚历险记》为研究对象，对小说中的人物以及其性格特点进行研究。从语用学这一新的研究方向出发，清楚解释他们的行为原因。 

为能更好的剖析作品与人物，作者采用两个重要的语用原则--格莱斯的合作原则和里奇的礼貌原则，来分析小说中违背这两个原则以及其下几个准则的话语，探寻原因。此外，这篇文章采用的是以原则为中心来论述的方法，也就是说，先介绍准则的含义，然后举例小说中违反准则的对话。

这个研究说明成人和儿童都会出于各种各样的原因，从而违反合作原则以及礼貌原则。从小说对话中，作者还发现一个对话可能不仅仅违反一个原则，这使其能够从两个原则的不同方面来分析小说人物性格特点。这篇文章通过语用学理论和小说对话的分析来帮助读者对《汤姆·索亚历险记》这部小说以及其中人物有更好的理解。

关键词：合作原则；礼貌原则；《汤姆·索亚历险记》

Abstract 

Children’s literature plays an important role in literary word, conveying good qualities and showing beautiful world to children. In this dissertation, the author regards the famous children’s literature work The Adventures of Tom Sawyer as the research object, analyzing the figures in the novel and their characteristics. From a new respect (pragmatics), the reasons of their behaviors and utterance can be interpreted clearly. 

In order to dissect the work and figures profoundly, author adopts two significant theories of pragmatics--cooperative principle(Grice) and politeness principle(Leech) to analyze the utterance that runs counter to these two principle and their sub-maxims in the novel, exploring the reasons. Besides the author adopts the maxim centered method. That is, the meaning of each maxim is introduced and then some excerpts of violations from the novel are presented.

This study indicates that both adults and children flout CP and PP because of various reasons. And from the dialogues in the novel, the author also finds out that one dialogue may violate not only one maxim, which can help analyze the personalities of characters in the novel from different perspectives—maxims of CP and PP. This essay can help readers do understand the novel and the characters better from the analysis of pragmatic theories and dialogues in the novel—The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. 

Key Words：Cooperative Principle; Politeness Principle; The Adventures of Tom Sawyer

Contents

1. Introduction 1

1.1 Research Background 1

1.2 Purpose and Significance of the Study 1

1.3 Research Methodology 2

1.4 Organization of the Thesis 2

2. Literature Review 4

2.1 Studies on The Adventures of Tom Sawyer 4

2.2 Studies on Pragmatics in Literature 4

2.2.1 Pragmatics 4

2.2.2 Pragmatics in Literature 5

3. Theoretical Framework 7

3.1 Introduction 7

3.2 Cooperative Principle 7

3.3 Politeness Principle 8

4. Analysis of Dialogues in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer 10

4.1 Analysis of Dialogues under the CP 10

4.1.1 Violation of the Quality Maxim 10

4.1.2 Violation of the Quantity Maxim 11

4.1.3 Violation of the Relevance Maxim 12

4.1.4 Violation of the Manner Maxim 13

4.2 Analysis of Dialogues under the PP 14

4.2.1 Violation of the Tact Maxim 14

4.2.2 Violation of the Generosity Maxim 15

4.2.3 Violation of the Approbation Maxim 15

4.2.4 Violation of the Modesty Maxim 16

4.2.5 Violation of the Agreement Maxim 17

4.2.6 Violation of the Sympathy Maxim 18

5. Conclusion 20

5.1 General Conclusion 20

5.2 Major Findings 20

5.3 Limitations and Further Suggestions 21

References 22