“狗”的词缀化及其对外汉语教学策略_英语论文

Affixation of the Animal Word “gou” and its Teaching Strategies in Teaching Chinese as a Second Language

摘要

语义虚化是词汇发展过程中的一种常见现象。近年汉语词汇系统出现了诸如“加班狗”、“单身狗”、“考研狗”、“篮球狗”等新词新语，“狗”从指代“家养牲畜”的本义发展到目前特指“某一类有同样兴趣爱好或者处于同一境况的人”，这会使人们(尤其是把汉语作为第二语言学习的外国人）对该类词的理解造成难度。 

本文基于语义虚化理论，从内部因素和外部因素探讨“狗”词缀化的成因。研究发现，词汇系统内部因素，以及社会机制、从众心理、交际需要等外部因素是导致“狗”词缀化的原因。基于二语习得理论，以及中西方狗文化及其内涵的对比，本文提出了对外汉语教学中关于“狗”类词的教学策略以及对比法、任务教学法、讨论法等教学方法，以期对对外汉语教学以及跨文化交际提供借鉴意义。

关键词：词缀化；“狗”类词；对外汉语教学

Abstract

Semantic bleaching is a common phenomenon in the process of vocabulary development. In recent years, some new words have emerged in the Chinese vocabulary system, such as “加班狗”（employees who work overtime to achieve a job）， “单身狗”(people who are not married)，“考研狗”( students who are preparing for postgraduate degree)，“篮球狗” (people who like playing basketball) and other “狗”-affixed words. The original meaning of“狗”refers to the domesticated livestock , while “狗”-affixed words refer to those people who have the same interests or are in the same situation in recent years, which makes it difficult for people to understand this kind of words, especially for foreigners who are learning Chinese as a second language.

This paper analyzes the causes of the affixation of the word “狗” in terms of the internal factors as well as the external factors. This paper has found that the internal cause of vocabulary system and the external causes, such as the social mechanism, herd mentality, and communication demands, will lead to the affixation of the animal word “狗” . Based on second language acquisition theory and the comparison between Chinese and Western dog cultures and connotations, specific teaching strategies, such as, contrast method, direct displaying teaching method, task-based teaching method and discussion method will be illustrated in this paper, which can be used to provide reference for TCSL (Teaching Chinese as a Second Language ) field and intercultural communication.

Key words: affixation; “狗”-affixed words; TCSL

Contents

Acknowledgments

Abstract(Chinese) II

Abstract(English) III

Introduction 1

Literature Review 1

Theoretical Framework 2

Chapter One The Reasons of the Affixation of the Animal Word “狗” 4

1.1 Law of the Vocabulary System 4

1.2 External Factors 6

Chapter Two Comparison between the Chinese “狗”and the Western “dog” 10

2.1 The Connotation of the Chinese “狗” 10

2.2 The Connotation of English“dog” 12

Chapter Three Teaching Strategies of the Word “狗” in TCSL 13

3.1 Assuring the Orientation from the Macro Perspective 13

3.2 Specific Teaching Methods from the Micro Perspective 15

Conclusion 18

References 19