关于《葛特露和克劳狄斯》的女性主义叙事学研究_英语论文

Analyzing Gertude and Claudius from the Perspective of Feminist Narratology

摘要

《葛特露和克劳狄斯》是美国作家约翰▪厄普代克在2000年出版的一部小说。作为对莎士比亚的经典悲剧《哈姆莱特》的重构，这部小说中的人物形象都被厄普代克创造性的颠覆，写作视角也由莎士比亚的男性视角转为用女性视角进行描写。厄普代克以王后葛特露的生活道路与情感历程为中心线索，实现了关注中心由儿子走向母亲、从男性向女性的彻底转换。

女性主义叙事学兴起于20世纪80年代，是后经典叙事学的一个重要分支。在理论上，它将经典叙事学与女性主义文学批评相结合，克服了经典叙事学注重形式疏离文本和女性主义文学批评的主观性和过重的政治色彩的缺陷；在文本分析上，它主要以“声音”作为切入点进行文学批评，将社会身份的声音与叙事形式的声音结合，开辟了解读女性主义文本的新视角。因此本论文将以女性主义叙事学理论为依据，通过对《葛特露和克劳狄斯》中的三种叙事声音的分析探讨文本中女性艰难生存境遇的反映、女性声音的回归、以葛特露为代表的女性意识的发展和厄普代克的观点。

本论文共分为5章。第一章简要介绍了约翰▪厄普代克的创作和《葛特露和克劳狄斯》的内容并说明本文的研究框架与意义。第二章为文献综述，介绍了国内外现有的相关研究情况。第三章为理论框架，对女性主义叙事学的产生与其分析方法进行说明。第四章是本文主体，从女性主义叙事学的三种叙事声音分别对小说文本进行分析，可以看出厄普代克赋予葛特露这个在《哈姆莱特》中的被说者绝对的话语权，并使她成为历史上女性生存状况及命运的一个缩影，通过她的生活经历揭露父权制社会对女性的压迫。第五章为结论，总结概括了《葛特露和克劳狄斯》的叙事声音。小说反映了约翰▪厄普代克对女性命运的深切关注和如何使女性获得真正解放的现实思考。

关键词：女性主义；女性主义叙事学；叙事声音；父权制

Abstract

Published in 2000, Gertude and Claudius is a novel accomplished by American writer John Hoyer Updike. As a reconstruction to Shakespeare’s classic tragedy Hamlet, character images in this novel are shaped overturning in a creative way and writing perspective also changes from Shakespeare’s male view to female view. Using Queen Gertude’s life and emotion process as a guide, Updike completes the shift of focus from the son to the mother, from men to women. 

Rising in the 1980s, feminist narratology is an important branch of post-classical narratology. In theory, it combines classical narratology with feminine literature criticism, avoiding the over-formalism of classical narratology and the subjectivity of feminine literature criticism. In practice, it mainly uses “voice” as the entry point to literature criticism, combining the voice of social identity with the voice of narrative form, which opens up a innovative research method. On the base of feminist narratology, this thesis will discuss female’s living environment, the return of female’s voice, the development of female consciousness and the author Updike’s viewpoint through analyzing three kinds of narrative voices. 

This thesis comprises five chapters. The first is the brief introduction of John Updike and Gertude and Claudius. Then it points out the significance and structure of this article. The second chapter is literature review, introducing the current research status at home and abroad. Chapter three theoretic framework explains the foundation and analysis method of feminist narratology. Chapter four is the main part, analyzing respectively the three kinds of narrative voices used in the novel. Updike gives absolute speaking right to Gertude, the voiceless woman in Hamlet, and lets her be the miniature of the whole women, revealing the patriarchal oppression on women through her life. The last chapter conclusion summarizes narrative voices in the novel. The feminist consciousness in Gertude and Claudius reflects Updike’s deep concern about female fate and realistic thinking of the way to women’s real liberation.            

Keywords: feminism; feminist narratology; voice; patriarchy

Contents

摘 要 I

Abstract II

Acknowledgments III

Chapter One  Introduction 1

1.1 Introduction to John Updike 1

1.2 Introduction to Gertude and Claudius 2

1.3 Objectives of the thesis 2

1.4 Significance of the thesis 3

1.5 Structure of the thesis 3

Chapter Two  Literature review 5

2.1 Literature review abroad 5

2.2 Literature review at home 6

2.3 Shortage of current research 7

Chapter Three  Theoretic framework 8

3.1 Definition of feminist narratology 8

3.2 Foundation of feminist narratology 8

3.3 Narrative voice 10

3.4 Research method of this thesis 11

Chapter Four  Narrative Voices in Gertude and Claudius 13

4.1 Communal voice in Gertude and Claudius 13

4.2 Personal voice in Gertude and Claudius 15

4.3 Authorial voice in Gertude and Claudius 17

4.4 Tension among narrative voices in Gertude and Claudius 20

Chapter Five  Conclusion 22

5.1 Major findings 22

5.2 Limitations 23

References 24