摘要

在英汉语言中，隐喻与明喻不同，是进行暗中比较的一种修辞手段，用一种事物暗喻另一种事物。隐喻是思维问题，可以反映在语言中，隐喻是思维方式和认知手段。而概念隐喻又分为三类：结构隐喻、方位隐喻和本体隐喻。其中动物习语在其中占有重要位置，因此本论文选用生活中最常见的动物——狗，从概念隐喻的三个方面进行对比分析。以往的学者往往通过大量语料进行整理对比，大多数都是基于语料库对某一词语或某一意象对比中英的异同及产生差异的原因。虽然这些学术研究取得了较多成就，但是他们很少选用具体的中英名著或文章进行对比，对造成差异的生活背景和文化动因的相关性研究较少。

本研究选用鲁迅的《狗猫鼠》及杰克·伦敦的《野性的呼唤》，运用概念隐喻理论对著作中和著作外“狗”这一意象进行全面的对比分析。通过查阅大量中英文相关资料和文献，结合自己的思考，运用个案研究法和比较研究的方法相结合的方法，仔细研究分析处于同一时期的两位作者的著作，进一步完善先前的对比研究。同时加深人们对概念隐喻知识的了解，激发人们对中英文化的兴趣，促进中英文化交流。

关键词：概念隐喻；狗；英语专业

Contents

Abstract i

摘  要 ii

1. Introduction 1

2. Theoretical Foundation: Conceptual Metaphor 3

2.1 Technical Terms of Conceptual Metaphor Theory 3

2.2 Types of Conceptual Metaphor 4

2.2.1 Structural Metaphor 4

2.2.2 Orientational Metaphor 5

2.2.3 Ontological Metaphor 5

2.3 Features of Conceptual Metaphor 6

3. The Conceptual Metaphor Related with Dog 8

3.1 Previous Studies on Conceptual Metaphors about Dog 8

3.2 Traditional Studies on Conceptual Metaphors about Dog 9

3.2.1 From the Perspective of Structural Metaphor 9

3.2.2 From the Perspective of Orientational Metaphor 10

3.2.3 From the Perspective of Ontological Metaphor 10

4. Similarities and Differences in Conceptual Metaphors about Dog in the Two Books 11

4.1 Similarities in Conceptual Metaphors about Dog 11

4.1.1 Despicable Men 11

4.1.2 Sly and Treacherous People 12

4.2 Differences in Conceptual Metaphors about Dog 13

4.2.1 Stupid Men 13

4.2.2 The Survival of the Strong 14

4.2.3 The Spirit of Resistance and the Desire for Freedom 14

4.2.4 Loving Devotees 15

4.3 Reasons for the Similarities and Differences 15

4.3.1 Historical Background 16

4.3.2 Cultural Background 16

4.3.3 Personal Experience and the Spirit of the Times 17

4.3.4 Writing Purpose 17

5. Enlightenments and Limitations 19

5.1 Enlightenments 19

5.1.1 Cultivate People’s Conceptual Metaphor Awareness 19

5.1.2 Have a Comprehensive Understanding of the Word “Dog” 19

5.1.3 Promote the Communication across Different Culture 20

5.2 Limitations 20

6. Conclusion 21

Bibliography 23

Acknowledgements 24