生态翻译视角下的《飞鸟集》-以冯唐的译本为例_英语论文

A Study of Stray Birds from the Perspective of Eco-Translatology--Based on the Version of Feng Tang

摘要

泰戈尔的《飞鸟集》有多种译本，其中冯唐的《飞鸟集》译本一经出版即引发巨大争议。对此中文译本，多数读者持激烈的抵制意见，指责冯唐不仅扭曲了诗歌的愿意，更破坏了原书清新脱俗的意境。也有读者对此译本持较包容的态度，认为冯唐的译本保持了其一贯的简练风格。

生态翻译学是近年来由中国学者胡庚申教授提出的全新翻译理论。该理论是将达尔文生物进化论中的“自然选择”学说引入翻译研究。这一学说的实质是任何生命体的生存和繁衍都是接受自然的选择，适应自然环境的结果。这种全新的理论视角认为翻译是“译者适应翻译生态环境的选择活动”，明确提出“译者为中心”翻译理论，尤其注重翻译过程、翻译原则、翻译方法和评译标准等翻译本体研究。

本研究从生态翻译学视角出发，根据《飞鸟集》原文的文学意义及特点，原作者的写作风格和理念、读者的评价反馈，力图从翻译过程、翻译原则、翻译方法及评价标准这四个方面对冯唐翻译的《飞鸟集》进行分析和阐释。选择冯唐译本中的译文，从“三维”（语言维、交际维、文化维）角度系统地分析冯唐的译文多维转化的程度。通过分析可以看出冯唐的译文没有“多维”地适应特定的翻译生态环境，也没有周全考虑适应与转换兼顾，整合适应选择度相对较低。冯唐的翻译多是表现译者自身的风格但背离原作的诗意与美。

关键词：生态翻译学；《飞鸟集》；冯唐

Abstract

Tagore’s Stray Birds has various translation versions, but Feng Tang’s has triggered great controversy. Most readers are strongly against the version for Feng Tang distorting the will of poetry and destroying the fresh and refined mood of the original. There are readers holding more tolerant attitude that Feng Tang's translation maintained its consistent concise style.   

Eco-Translatology is a new translation theory proposed by Hu Gengshen. This theory introduced Darwin’s Natural Selection into translation study. The essence of Natural Selection is that the survival and reproduction of any living body are the results of accepting the natural selection and adapting to natural environment. Eco-Translatology suggests that translation is an activity for translators to adapt to the ecological environment of translation and clearly puts forward the translator-centeredness, with particular emphasis on translation ontology research including translation process, translation principles, translation methods and evaluation criteria. 

This paper aims to analyze and interpret Stray Birds translated by Feng Tang from the perspective of Eco-Translatology based on four aspects: translation process, translation principles, translation methods and evaluation criteria. The analysis also involves the literary significance and characteristics of the original version of Stray Birds, the original author’s writing style and conception, the readers’ evaluation and feedback. The degree of multidimensional transformation of Feng Tang's translations is defined by analyzing Feng’s translation from the perspective of three dimensions (linguistic dimension, cultural dimension, and communicative dimension). Through the analysis, Feng Tang's translation is not to adapt to a specific ecological environment of translation from multi-dimensional perspective. There is no comprehensive consideration of adaptation and transformation. The degree of holistic adaptation and selection is relatively low. Feng’s translation is more of the translator’s own style instead of the original poetry and beauty.

Key words: Eco-Translatology; Stray Birds; Feng Tang

Contents

I. Introduction 1

II. Literature Review 3

2.1 Eco-Translatology 3

2.2 Previous Studies of the Translation of Stray Birds 4

2.2.1. Comments of Feng Tang’s Version 4

2.2.2. Comments of Other Versions 5

III. An Interpretation of the Original Version of Stray Birds 7

3.1 The Author 7

3.2 The Contents and Comments 7

IV. Analysis of Feng Tang’s Version 10

4.1 Translation Methods 10

4.1.1 Linguistic Dimension 10

4.1.2 Cultural Dimension 13

4.1.3 Communicative Dimension 16

4.2 Evaluation Criteria 17

4.2.1 Degree of Multi-dimensional Transformation 17

4.2.2 Reader’s Feedback 18

4.2.3 Qualifications of Translator 19

V. Conclusion 22

Bibliography 23