摘要 

改革开放以来，中西方文化的交流与融合愈发全面，汉语外来词迎来第三次大规模引入。近些年来，汉语外来词的相关研究主要围绕其输入过程及影响展开。但在改革开放的新时期，本研究认为汉语外来词的英译输出同样值得重视。这方面的研究将对汉语学习者大有裨益。据此，本研究从以下几个方面进行了论述。

首先，本文梳理了相关术语的定义,总结了前人的研究成果。其次，本研究结合具体案例，探讨了新时期下汉语外来词的历史成因，并对汉语外来词进行了新的系统性分类，这其中包括两种新兴的外来词种类。再者，本研究依据不同标准，总结了新时期下汉语外来词的主要特点。最后，本研究分析了汉语外来词的词义变化，并据此提出了相应的英译方法。

本研究认为，新兴的外来词现象可以为外来词的相关研究提供新思路。文中对汉语外来词本土化过程的梳理以及关于外来词英译的建设性意见，于汉语学习者优化、深化汉语学习而言，都具有重要的理论和实践意义。这些研究对中华文化的对外输出同样具有积极作用。

关键词：汉语外来词；分类；特点；英译

Contents

Acknowledgements  i

Abstract ii

摘要 iii

Chapter One  Introduction 1

1.1 Background of the Study 1

1.2 Significance of the Study 2

1.3 Structure of the Paper 2

Chapter Two  Literature Review 4

2.1 Definition of Loanwords 4

2.1.1 Disputes about the Nature of Borrowing 4

2.1.2 Controversies over the Qualification for Chinese 5

2.2 Different Views on Loanwords 6

2.2.1 View on Loanwords in Cultural Communication 6

2.2.2 View on Loanwords in Linguistic Theory 7

2.3 Study on Loanwords both at Home and Abroad 7

2.3.1 Domestic Study 7

2.3.2 Foreign Study 9

Chapter Three  Causes and Classifications of Loanwords in Chinese 11

3.1 Causes of Loanwords in Chinese 11

3.1.1 Social Causes 11

3.1.2 Psychological Causes 12

3.1.3 Linguistic Causes 13

3.2 Classifications of Loanwords in Chinese 14

3.2.1 Transliteration 14

3.2.2 Free Translation 16

3.2.3 Form-borrowed Translation 17

3.2.4 Reverse Translation 19

3.3 Summary 20

Chapter Four  Features of Loanwords in Chinese 21

4.1 Fuzziness of Definition 21

4.2 Increase in Quantity 22

4.3 Changes in Structures 23

4.4 Summary 24  

Chapter Five  English Translation of Loanwords in Chinese 26

5.1 Semantic Changes 26

5.1.1 Expansion 26

5.1.2 Reduction 28

5.1.3 Deviation 31

5.2 Translation Methods 34

5.2.1 Amplification 34

5.2.2 Variation 36

5.2.3 Revivification 38

5.2.4 Creative Translation 39

5.3 Summary 39

Chapter Six  Conclusion 41

6.1 Findings of the Study 41

6.2 Limitation of the Study 42

6.3 Suggestions for future Study 42

Reference 43