摘要

近年来，更多的美剧被引进中国。但是，字幕中中西方的文化差异是无法消除的。文化差异导致目的语观众难以理解影视中的文化负载词。文化负载词通常反映了特定地区人们独特的文化和社会活动。因此，讨论文化负载词的英汉字幕翻译，不仅可以理解英语文化，更能促进对不同文化的包容和尊重。

《老友记》是一部表现美国生活的情景喜剧。观看学习此剧，有利于增加我们对美国文化的认识。但由于该剧存在大量文化负载词，造成观众对源语文化理解困难。因此，笔者采用《老友记》字幕为文本，将剧中的文化负载词分成五类：生态、语言、物质、 宗教、社会，从巴斯内特文化翻译观的角度，对比和分析了《老友记》的两个翻译版本，总结文化负载词主要翻译策略。结果显示，不同种类的文化负载词采取的翻译策略有所不同。

关键词：文化负载词  文化翻译理论  《老友记》

Contents

Abstract i

摘  要 ii

Chapter One  Introduction 1

1.1  Research Background 1

1.2  Research Objectives 1

1.3  Research Questions 2

1.4  Structure of the Thesis 2

Chapter Two  Literature Review 3

2.1  Previous Studies on Cultural Translation Theory 3

2.1.1 Previous Studies on Cultural Translation Theory at Home 3

2.1.2 Previous Studies on Cultural Translation Theory Abroad 4

2.2  Previous Studies on Culture-Loaded Words 5

2.2.1 Definition of Culture-Loaded Words 5

2.2.2 The Studies on Culture-Loaded Words at Home and Abroad 5

2.3  Comments 6

Chapter Three  Theoretical Framework 8

3.1  Bassnett’s Translation Thoughts 8

3.2  Bassnett’s Cultural Translation Theory 9

3.2.1 Cultural Turn in Translation 9

3.2.2 Basic Unit of Translation 10

3.2.3 Cultural Function Equivalence 10

3.2.4 Untranslatable Phenomenon 10

3.2.5 Translator’s Subjectivity 11

3.3  Comments 11

Chapter Four  Analyzing the Translation Strategies of Culture-Loaded Words in Friends 13

4.1  Introduction to Friends 13

4.2  The Classification of Culture-Loaded Words 13

4.3  Translation Strategies of Culture-Loaded Words 14

4.3.1 Culture-Loaded Words in Ecology and Transliteration plus Annotation 14

4.3.2 Culture-Loaded Words in Language and Literal Translation 17

4.3.3 Culture-Loaded Words in Religion and Literal Translation plus    Annotation 19

4.3.4 Culture-Loaded Words in Material and Literal Translation plus Generic Word 22

4.3.5 Culture-Loaded Words in Society and Liberal Translation 25

Chapter Five  Conclusion 28

Bibliography 29

Acknowledgements 30