认知语言学框架下的英汉禁忌语对比研究 _英语论文

The Contrastive Studies on Language Taboo in English and Chinese Based on Cognitive Linguistics

摘要

禁忌语是英汉两种语言系统中共同存在的一种语言现象，它的产生和使用与其存在的语言和文化背景密不可分。英汉这两种语言也因为自身的文化等因素有着很大的差异，而不同的语言中都有着禁忌语这同一种语言现象，那它们有哪些相似点以及差异性呢?并且导致二者差异的可能性因素有哪些呢？现今很多关于英汉禁忌语的对不研究，大多都着眼于社会语言学，从语用的角度去分析二者的异同。而我在这片文章中，准备从认知语言学的角度出发，来探寻其异同以及造成认知差异的相关因素。

本篇文章共分为五章。其中第一章对禁忌语的概念以及相关的认知语言学的观点进行了简单介绍。第二章介绍了国内外的研究现状。第三章分析了认知语言学理论在禁忌语中的体现，包括范畴化，原型和家族相似性理论。第四章在认知语言学的观点下，对二者的相似性和差异性进行了对比分析，并且进一步探寻导致这种认知性差异的内在因素。文中分类列举了大量例子来佐证英汉中禁忌语所存在的异同点，并进行了详细分析。能够帮助我们更清晰直观地理解这两种禁忌语。最后，总结全文。

通过这篇文章，我们能从认知的角度进一步认识到禁忌语在英汉两种语言中的相似之处和差异性，帮助我们更加全面地认识禁忌语以及引导我们更加正确地应用禁忌语。除此之外，我们还更深层次地了解到了英汉这两种语言。

关键词：禁忌语; 认知语言学; 家族相似性; 文化 

Abstract

Language Taboo is a language phenomenon existing in the English and Chinese. Its production and application have a strong relationship with the background of the language itself and culture, and English and Chinese themselves are very different because of some reasons such as their cultures. However, since both of them have the language taboo, so what are the similarity and difference? And what are the reasonable elements which bring about that? Some related studies are mostly from the angle of semantics and sociolinguistics, and language taboo is a reflect of human’s psychology. It can’t be studied well without the explanation of cognitive psychology, so we want to use the points of cognitive linguistics to make the contrastive studies.

The whole paper is divided into five chapters. In the first chapter, we will introduce the definition of language taboo and the cognitive linguistics, and the condition of studies at home and abroad will be introduced in the second part. In the third chapter, we will analyze the theory of cognitive linguistics in language taboo, including “Categorization”, “Prototype”, and “Family Resemblance”. And in the fourth chapter we will discuss the similarities and differences in the two languages with the guide of cognitive linguistics and the internal related reasons. Some examples are taken and analysis is made in the paper to help us to learn more about the taboos of the two different languages. In the end, the final chapter concludes the thesis.

Through all the studies and analysis, we can know more about the taboo in English and Chinese from the view of cognitive linguistics, and that can help us to learn taboo in language more roundly and avoid using it correctly. What’s more, we also learn more about English and Chinese themselves.

Key Words：sLanguage taboo; Cognitive linguistics; Family Resemblance; Culture