《了不起的盖茨比》中的自然主义_英语论文

Naturalism in The Great Gatsby

摘要

弗朗西斯·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德是二十世纪典型的现代主义作家，他凭借《了不起的盖茨比》而响彻文坛。该小说通过描绘一名贫穷的西部青年对财富和爱情的追逐，向人们展现了在物欲横流的社会中一个支离破碎的美国梦。作为同一时期现代文学的重要趋向，自然主义对菲茨杰拉德的创作也产生了一定的影响。从自然主义的视角去解读文中的角色，我们不难发现遗传及社会环境给他们的命运观乃至整个人生轨迹带来的潜移默化的影响。基于自然主义文学，本文分三个部分分析小说中人物，尤其是黛西身上的自然主义特征，追溯小说悲剧性主题，进而探寻菲茨杰拉德式自然主义根源：作者所处时代的社会背景及他本人的婚姻。借此提醒读者从自然主义的角度去赏析菲茨杰拉德的作品能收获新的感悟。

关键词: 弗朗西斯·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德, 《了不起的盖茨比》, 自然主义, 遗传, 社会环境

Abstract

As a typical modernist writer of the 20th century, France Scott Fitzgerald is especially renowned for his novel The Great Gatsby in the literary circle. The novel describes an impoverished Western youth’s pursuance of fortune and romance, showing people a broken American dream in the materialistic society. In the same period, naturalism, as an important trend of the modern literary, also has a certain effect on Fitzgerald's creation. To interpret the characters in the novel from the naturalistic perspective, it is easy to find the subtle influence on their value of fate and their tracks of life generated by the genetic and social environment. On the basis of literary naturalism, this paper is mainly designed to analyze the features of naturalism embodied in the characters, especially in Daisy, through three parts: to trace the pessimistic themes and explore the sources of Fitzgerald’s naturalism, namely, the social background of the novel and his own marriage. The author hopes, by this study, to remind the reader that appreciation of Fitzgerald’s books from the perspective of naturalism can shed new light on them. 

Key words: F. Scott Fitzgerald; The Great Gatsby; Naturalism; heredity; social environment