《老友记》中的幽默会话分析_英语论文

An analysis of the American sitcom: Friends

摘要

随着传播媒介不断地更新发展，有关幽默的电影电视剧如雨后春笋般涌现，但随之而来的却是大众对幽默诙谐语言的不理解，甚至误解，真正体现了在观看时“只闻笑声，不明其意”的现象。本文在总结前人的幽默语言的理论基础上，结合美国情景喜剧《老友记》中部分语境对话，着重从语用学角度出发分析英语幽默语言。本文从语用学理论中格莱斯的合作原则及其准则，利奇的礼貌原则，奥斯丁的言语行为理论，赛尔的划分言语行为理论出发对《老友记》中的幽默会话进行研究分析。通过列举《老友记》中的部分台词并对其选择和编号，归纳总结前人的理论知识，阅读相关文献等方法来进行研究。最终，本文发现运用语用学相关理论对幽默语言进行分析是可行的，它可以增加大众对幽默语言的理解和支持，提高幽默语言的应用能力，同时希望达到在观看情景喜剧时能“闻笑声，知其意”的效果。当然，通过对《老友记》幽默语的研究希望还可以提高语言学习者对语言学习的热情和兴趣，帮助教师更新教学方法，从而达到改善教学氛围的目的。

关键词：幽默语言；语用学；合作原则；礼貌原则；言语行为理论

Abstract

With mass media constantly developed and updated, movies and TV series on humor has sprung up. However, the result is that a mass of the humor language cannot be understood or even misunderstood by the public, which really reflects the truth that people can only hear the laughter without understanding what the humor language means. Based on the previous theory on humor language and combined with part of the contextual dialogism in the American sitcom Friends, this paper attends to emphatically analyze the English humor language in the perspective of the pragmatics, such as Grice’s Cooperative Principle, Leech’s Politeness Principle, Austin’s new model of speech acts and Searle’s classification of speech acts.  This analysis is done through enumerating the dialogue of the Friends, then choosing and numbering them; summarizing the previous theory; and reading some literature on humor and so on. It is concluded that the use of pragmatic theory to analyze humor language is feasible, because it can increase people’s understanding and support of humor language, improve the ability of applying humor language in their daily life. At the same time, it is expected that people can not only hear the laughter, but also can understand what it really means when watching the sitcoms. Of course, through the paper, it is also hoped that the language learners can raise their interest and enthusiasm for learning language, and language teachers can improve their teaching methods so that the teaching atmosphere will be created.

Key words: humor language; pragmatics; Cooperative Principle; Politeness Principle; Friends