商务英语合同中承诺类言语行为研究
A Study of Commissives Behavior in Business English Contract
摘要
承诺类言语行为作为人类日常语言交流中一个典型的现象，也一直是语言学家和哲学家们研究的重要课题之一。至于合同，它作为商业的一个相当重要的部分，在明确双方在某些经济活动事务或交易方面的权力与责任上起着至关重要的作用，合同已然成为双方经济与贸易合作方面的最为主要的调节因素。商务英语合同中的各项条款都是以承诺类言语形式起草，对于合同所涉及各方都具有法律效力。此外，商务英语合同中的英语属于法律语言，要求其语言的风格要清晰，精确，严谨，同时对于所涉及的法律条款的执行具有重要意义。鉴于语境对于承诺实施的形式和效果的重要性，因此对于特定语境和情境下的承诺类言语行为的研究是非常有必要的。商务英语中合同中所涉及到的各方承诺类话语是处于一定商业法律和社会公德的规范之下，因此这些承诺类话语会表现出一些特定的语言特征。本篇论文将会从承诺类言语行为理论出发，探讨商务英语合同中承诺类言语行为的语言体现形式，将会对日常商务英语活动中合同有效的解读，起草和翻译具有一定的实用价值。
关键词：承诺；言语行为；言外行为；特定语境
Abstract
Commissives behavior as one of the human typical phenomena in their daily communication has been one of the important researches of linguists and philosophers. The contract as a necessary part of the business plays a very important role in both sides with power and duties in certain economic activity or transaction, and the contracts have become the main factor regulating both economic and trade cooperation. The terms in business English contracts are mainly drawn up in the form of commissives behavior, which have the legal force of law effects on the concerned parties of contracts. In addition, language of English contracts belongs to the legal language whose language style must be clear, precise and rigorous. At the same time， it’s of great significance for the execution of the legal provisions. Given the importance of context to the form and the effect of commitment to implement, it is very necessary for a particular context and effects of commissives, it is very important for the linguistic researchers to study commissives within a particular context and a setting. The commissives behavior made by the contracting parties in a business contract which is under certain commercial laws and social moral standard; So they turn out to have some special language features. This paper will start from the theory of commissives behavior, exploring the commissives behavior from the business English contract language form, will be a good understanding of the contract in daily business English activities, and has a certain practical value in drafting and translating.
Key words: commissives; verbal behavior; illocutionary act; specific context