论学生英语语用能力的培养_英语论文

On the Cultivation of Students’ Pragmatic Competence 

摘要

伴随着我国与外界联系的迅速发展，跨文化交际的机会大幅度增长，因此，对我国学生的英语口语水平的要求也越来越高。然而，我国学生现有的英语口语水平是令人不满意的。这是由于我国英语教师一直以来只注重传授发音、词汇、语法等语言基本知识而忽略了语言的实际运用。因此，这篇论文旨在讨论培养学生语用能力的必要性以及探索有效地运用英语的可行的方法。

关键词：语用能力 语用失误 英语教学

Abstract

With the rapid development of our country’s contact with outside world, the chances of cross-cultural communication are increasing by leaps and bounds. Nevertheless, the current coral proficiency of our students is not satisfying, which is the result of our country’s teaching system that teachers always focus on conveying pronunciation and vocabulary and grammar instead of paying close attention to the practical use of language. Therefore, this paper is intended for discussing the necessity of students’ pragmatic competence and exploring some practicable ways of students’ exerting English effectively.

Key words: pragmatic competence, pragmatic failures, English teaching

Contents

Introduction..............................................................................................1

Chapter One: Basic theories of pragmatics..............................................1

1.1 Definition and main contents of pragmatics...............................1

1.2 Austin’s speech act theory...........................................................1

1.3 Searle’s indirect speech act theory..............................................2

1.4 Grice’s cooperative principle of conversation............................2

Chapter Two: Basic theories of pragmatic competence............................3

2.1 Chomsky’s theories of pragmatic competence............................3

2.1.1 Chomsky’s concept of competence and performance, and distinctions

     between them...........................................................................3

2.1.2 Chomsky’s concept of pragmatic competence and grammatical 

     competence, and distinctions between them............................3

2.2 Dell Hymes’s concept of pragmatic competence in On Communicative

   Competence...................................................................................3

2.3 Leech’s distinctions of pramalinguistic competence and sociopragmatic 

   competence...................................................................................3

2.4 Bachman’s concept of pragmatic competence..............................4

Chapter Three: Some obvious pragmatic failures in current English teaching in

 primary school and middle schools..................................................4

3.1 The role of teacher......................................................................4

3.2 The pragmatic failures in primary school English teaching.......4

3.2.1 The pragmatic failure in intonation.......................................5

3.2.2 The pragmatic failure in vocabulary.....................................5

3.2.3 The pragmatic failure in mood.............................................6

3.2.4 The pragmatic failure in context..........................................6

 3.2.5 The urge to attach great importance to the pragmatic failures in primary

      school English teaching.........................................................6

3.3 The pragmatic failures in middle school English teaching .........7

Chapter Four: Specific methods of cultivating students’ pragmatic competence ................................................................................................................9

  4.1 Both teachers and students play a vital role in improving students’ pragmatic 

      Competence ....................................................................................................9

  4.2 Teacher’s guidance on cultivating students’ pragmatic competence .............10

     4.2.1 Teachers’ guidance .................................................................................10

     4.2.2 Teachers’ efforts on improving their own pragmatic competence .........11

  4.3 Students’ own solutions on cultivating their own pragmatic competence ....13

    4.3.1 Primary school students’ solutions toward cultivating pragmatic

          Competence ...........................................................................................14

    4.3.2 Middle school students’ solutions on cultivation of their pragmatic 

         Competence ..............................................................................................15 Conclusion ................................................................................................................16

Bibliography ..............................................................................................................17

Acknowledgements ………………………………………………………………...18