摘　要

本篇论文主要对中英亲属称谓做了详细的对比。分析了两者的特点，总结了两者的异同，陈述了差异的原因，介绍了互译的方法和难点。本论文在写作中综合运用了文献法、列举法、归纳法以及对比法。中英文化差异作为一种既定存在的现象，不仅内容丰富而且存在很多可研究的复杂问题。正是这种文化差异，地域差异导致亲属称谓的翻译成为翻译中的一大难点。本篇论文指出亲属称谓差异体现了不同国家和不同名族的不同文化。而亲属称谓的中西差异以中方亲属称谓的高描述性和西方英语国家亲属称谓的高概括性著称。

关键词：亲属称谓；对比；高描述性；高概括性
 
Abstract

This essay makes a detailed comparison of the English and Chinese kinship terminologies. It not only analyzes the characteristics of both Chinese and English kinship terminologies but also makes a conclusion of the differences between Chinese and English kinship terminologies. What is more, this essay pays much attention to the reasons which lead to the differences and the methods and difficulties of the translation. The methods used in this essay are known as documental method, citing method, inductive method and comparative method. The cultural differences, being an existing phenomenon in the cultures of the world, are rather complicated problem with rich contents. It is the influence of the mixture of such cultural differences and regional differences which gives rise to the translation of kinship terminologies being the difficult issue in translation. This essay claims that the individual diversity of the kinship terminologies gives expression to the different cultures in different countries and different regions. Among the differences, the high descriptiveness of Chinese kinship terminologies and the extreme generality of English kinship terminologies are the most important pair.

Key words: Kinship terms；comparison；high descriptiveness；extreme generality

1 Introduction
   During the investigation of kinship terminologies, what firstly comes into people’s sight is the definition of kinship terminology itself. Being disputed that kinship terminology is definitely the method with which people call the one who have the genetic relations with them. Kinship is a significantly important concept in the daily life. It refers to the culturally defined relationships among individuals who are commonly believed to have family ties. It is also regarded as the basis for forming social groups and for classifying people. On one hand Kinship is a basic principle to handle relations. On the other hand, kinship is also a top-drawer rule in dealing with the problem of gender and age. Different society systems have different kinship terms and therefore make a distinction among different kinship terminologies.