从奈达“功能对等”理论分析中国电影片名英译

On Chinese Film Title Translation from the Perspective of Nida’s Functional Equivalence Theory

摘要

电影片名的翻译不仅是一门学问，更是一门综合艺术。然而，作为翻译领域的一个重要组成部分，电影片名的研究工作还任重而道远。华语电影片名以及对白字幕的翻译问题一直是制约华语电影走出国门，进军海外主流市场的屏障之一。随着华语电影的蓬勃发展，作为华语电影走向世界的第一步，也是在全球性电影行业激烈竞争中脱颖而出的有力法宝，片名英译重要性不言而喻。因此，研究片名翻译的章法标准是十分有必要的。

本文以奈达的功能对等翻译理论作为研究基础，以案例分析和内容分译为研究方法，致力于研究以目的语观众为取向的中文电影片名翻译策略。所谓功能对等就是使目的语观众在接受信息时产生与源语观众大致相同的感受，在接受语中庸最贴近的自然对等再现源语信息。本文由四章组成，第一章概述了了电影片名翻译的相关背景。第二章介绍了本文的理论框架：奈达的功能对等理论以及电影片名的基本功能。第三章是本文的重点。本文将功能对等理论与电影片名的功能相结合，通过对近几十年以来丰富的华语电影片名英译的案例分析及分类，归纳出华语电影片名英译的指导标准：信息主导，文化主导，审美主导和商业价值主导，同时也提出了不同标准下的英译方法。最后一章对以上分析研究做出总结。

关键词：华语电影，功能对等，片名翻译，指导标准

Abstract
The translation of film title is not only a kind of science, but also a comprehensive art. However, as an important part in the field of translation, the research work of film title translation has a long way to go. The deficiency in translating the film titles and subtitles is the barriers which block Chinese film of hitting the overseas market. Along with the thriving of Chinese film, the translation of film title, as the first step towards the world stage and a magic weapon to stand out in the fierce competition, is evidently of great importance. Thus, the study of title translation is very necessary.
Based on Nida’s Functional Equivalence Theory and employed the case analysis method, the thesis is devoted to the target-audience-oriental translation strategy of film title translation. Functional equivalence means that the receptors of the message in the receptor language respond to it in substantially the same manner as the receptors in the source language. And the translator uses the closest expression in target language to convey the equivalent information in source language. This paper consists of four chapters. Chapter One is an outline of the background information. Chapter Two focuses on the theoretical framework of this thesis: Functional Equivalence Theory by Nida, and the functions of film title. Chapter Three is the highlighted part of this thesis, which deals with a detailed case analysis to classify the guiding translation principles: informative-oriental principle, cultural-oriental principle, aesthetic-oriental principle and commercial-oriental principle. Finally, the author comes up with choosing the different translation approaches that can best serve the particular functional-oriental film title. Chapter Four, the last part, is a conclusion based on the theory citing and case studies made in previous chapters.
Key words: Chinese film, functional equivalence, film title translation, guiding principle