摘 要

翻译不是机械活动，也不是原文的简单复制，而是把原文的思想内容用译文确切地表达出来。这是一个复杂、细致、艰苦的脑力活动过程。国内外很多学者都对翻译过程进行了研究。目前关于翻译过程的研究主要有传统研究、语言学角度的研究、交际学角度的研究及认知心理学角度的研究。但是不管从哪个角度研究翻译过程，理解和表达都是翻译过程中最基本、最重要的两个步骤。一名优秀的译者应该在这两个过程上下功夫。本文将主要从理解和表达之间的关系，怎样正确理解以及如何恰当表达这几个方面对翻译过程进行探讨，希望可以为翻译过程的研究提供材料和参考依据。
  
关键词：翻译；理解；表达
 
Abstract

Translation is neither a mechanical activity, nor a simple reproduction of the original text. It aims to accurately express the idea and the content of the source text. Therefore, it is a process of complicated, meticulous and hard mental work. Scholars both at home and abroad have made a lot of research from traditional, linguistic, communicative and cognitive views. No matter from which point, comprehension and expression are the two basic steps in translation. Translators must concentrate their efforts and expend much time on comprehension and expression of the original text. This essay aims to study how to deal with the relationship between comprehension and expression, how to comprehend correctly and how to express properly in the hope of providing some materials and references for translators.

Keywords: translation; comprehension; expression

Chapter 1 Introduction
Translation is a dynamic process including apprehending the original text correctly and conveying the meaning accurately. Generally speaking, the process of translation consists of two phases: comprehension and expression. Comprehension is of foremost importance, while expression is the natural consequence of comprehension. Incorrect understanding of the original text will cause expression mistakes, which in turn will bring about misunderstanding. Comprehension and expression influence each other and permeate each other.
Comprehension is the primary issue the translator should consider, because how to translate an article is determined by the translator’s understanding to the source text. When carrying on the comprehension, the translator should apply his knowledge of linguistics and culture and his cognition of the world to logically reason the information and content of the original text step by step until he has achieved a good comprehension to the text. In order to accomplish this goal, firstly, translator should comprehend and analyze the text at a micrographic angel, covering the type of the discourse, the style of the writing and so on. Secondly, the translator should have a microcosmic understanding of the original text, such as the word meaning in a certain situation and the structure of sentences. Only strictly following these two steps can we have a deep and complete comprehension to the original text, which is the precondition to expression.