Abstract:

Since the 1970s, translation is not simply regarded as the transformation between two languages, but essentially considered as a kind of exchange activities between two cultures. However, conflicts and collisions will appear inevitably in cultural communication and exchange because of cultural differences, which bring the issue of "cultural misreading". And in the 21st century, literary translation has become an important medium of cultural exchange. With China’s rapid development, the demand of C-E translation in literary works is higher and higher. As a pinnacle in Chinese classical literature, the history of A Dream of Red Mansions’s translation has reached more than 200 years, and the English versions play a very important role in spreading Chinese culture. One of the highly influential English versions is David Hawkes’s. It embodies interpretation strategies to this work from the angle of foreign culture subjects and the role of translators' subjectivity in cultural communication.
    Because of the objective existence of cultural differences, cultural misreading in Hawkes’s version is inevitable. So how to treat this cultural misreading, and how to solve it also become more and more important. Based on the subjectivity of translator as a whole, this paper will settle several countermeasures to deal with cultural misreading correctly, combining with the reasons and representations of cultural misreading in Hawkes’s version. The purpose of this paper is in the hope that more and more translators can take some effective and feasible methods for the translation of literary works. And thus, the intercultural communication and dialogue can carry on better in the near future .

Key words: C-E translation; the subjectivity of translator; cultural misreading; avoidance methods

摘要：

由于文化在翻译中的重要性，20世纪70年代以来，翻译中的文化转向越来越受到人们的重视。翻译已不是被简单地看作是两种不同语言之间的转换，而是从本质上考虑，将其视为两种文化之间的一种交流活动。翻译活动被置身于文化多元系统的宏观语境下来进行研究，对翻译中的文化信息是否得到完整准确的传递也逐渐成为学者们研究的主要课题。然而由于文化差异性的客观存在，文化传播与交流过程中就不可避免地会产生冲突与碰撞的现象，由此就涉及到了“文化误读”这个理论课题。
同时，进入21世纪以来，国家之间的交流日益频繁，翻译成为文化交流之间的重要媒介。其中，文学翻译更是集中体现了一个国家的文化内涵。随着中国的日益强大，人们对中国文学作品的英译要求越来越高。作为中国古典文学的巅峰之作，小说《红楼梦》的翻译史已达200年之久，其英译本对于传播中国文化有着极其重要的作用。到现在为止，反响最大、最能得到学术界认同的《红楼梦》英译本是霍克斯和杨宪益、戴乃迭夫妇合译的两个版本。而在这两个优秀的译本中，霍克斯的《石头记》是唯一一部由西方人完成的全译本，集中体现了异域文化主体对《红楼梦》的解读策略以及译者主体性在文化信息传递中的作用。由于文化差异性的客观存在，该译本中对文化的误读也是不可避免的。那么如何对待这种文化误读，如何正确解决该现象也就显得越来越重要。本论文整体内容立足于译者主体性的角度，结合霍克斯的《红楼梦》英译本，研究翻译中的文化误读现象产生的原因和表现，并结合所分析内容，整理出正确处理误读现象的对策，以期为以后的文学作品翻译提供一些有效可行的方法，并能更好地促进文化间的交流与对话。

关键词：英译；译者主体性；文化误读；规避方法