摘  要

众所周知英语和汉语都有悠久的历史，英汉的文化亦不同。有很多的单词或者短语在这两种语言中都与动物有关。动物词汇的文化差异显示了这两个国家不同的价值观和社会风格。一些因素影响英汉之间的文化差异,如历史、宗教、和环境等等。本文主要分析了文化对动物词汇的影响，然后帮助我们意识到英语和汉语之间的文化差异。首先是历史因素，英国是有着悠久历史的西方国家，它逐渐从封建时期发展为资本主义时期，因此许多英语表达方式来自于历史事件。而中国是一个古老的拥有五千年文明的国家。其次是历史典故，历史典故包括寓言故事、神话故事及传说。有许多动物词汇是来自寓言故事的。然后是宗教信仰，它表达了某个时期的感觉、想法和信念。再者是环境因素，英国和中国处于不同的地理环境。英国是个沿海国家，而中国位于内陆。最后是风俗习惯的影响，英国和中国有很多不同的风俗习惯，同样的动物词汇可以表达不同的意思，特别是褒义和贬义的用法。本文还附加一些翻译方法来帮助我们在翻译和多元文化的交流中传达正确的信息。例如直译法、替代法、转换法和意译法。

关键词：英语；汉语；动物词汇；文化差异；翻译

Abstract

There is no doubt that English and Chinese have long history. The culture is also different. There are lots of words or phrases connected to animals in these two languages.  From the cultural differences of these animal words, we can know the different cultural values and social styles of these two nations. Some factors have influence on cultural differences in English and Chinese, such as history, religion, and environment and so on .This paper mainly analyzes the influence of culture on animal words and then helps us to realize the cultural differences in English and Chinese. Firstly, the influencing factor is history. Britain has a long history. It developed from feudal period to capital period for a long time. Thus, many expressions are from the historical event in English. As for China, China is a country with ancient civilization for almost five thousand years. Secondly, the influencing factor is historical illusions. The historical illusions including fables, fairy tales and legendary. A plenty of animal words are from fables. Thirdly, the influencing factor is religion.  Religion stands for thoughts, feelings and beliefs in a period of time. Fourthly, the influencing factor is environment. We all know that English and Chinese people live in a different environment. Britain is located near the sea. China is located in the continent .Fifthly, the influencing factor is customs. There are many different customs in English and Chinese. The same animal words can express different meanings, especially for the meaning of commendatory sense and derogatory sense. It also attaches some translation methods to help us convey the right information in translation and multicultural communication, such as Literal Translation, Substitution, Conversion and Liberal Translation.
 
Key words: Chinese；English；animal words；cultural differences ; translation