Abstract
The research of metaphor has gone a long history, and people have achieved a lot in this field. This paper endeavors to explore the impact of Nida’s Functional Equivalence   Theory on metaphor translation and its instructions. The outstanding feature of the theory is that it starts from the meaning and style of the source language and readers’ reaction to realize maximum equivalence and minimum equivalence. The theory not only puts translation into the area of linguistic research, but also combines culture and readers’ reaction with translation research. The author selects Jeanne Kelly and Nathan K. Mao’s translation of Fortress Besieged as the subject and tries to testify the feasibility of the Functional Equivalence Theory in metaphor translation. From the research, the author finds that the translators pay more attention to the reservation of vehicle, and they intend to bring readers into specific cultural conditions. Through the analysis of specific examples, the author finds that the commonness of cultures attributes to the best functional equivalence of the translation, but the differences of cultures and the lacks of the translators’ knowledge in Chinese culture will lead to a deviation of functional equivalence. Since it is impossible to achieve “absolute equivalence”, the “equivalence” is based on degree of closeness to functional identity. Minimal level equivalence is the first thing to be considered in the translating.     

Keywords  metaphor study   maximum equivalence  minimum equivalence  commonness of cultures  differences of cultures

隐喻研究历史久远，成果丰硕。本文综合回顾了中外隐喻研究的发展历程，着重研究尤金•奈达的功能对等理论对隐喻翻译的影响与指导意义。功能对等理论突出特点在于：以源语的意义、风格以及读者反应为出发点，力图实现最高对等或者最低对等。它不仅将翻译纳入语言学的研究，更重要的是将文化和读者的反应与能动性纳入到翻译研究的领域。本文选取茅国权和珍妮•凯利翻译的《围城》为研究对象，对文中的有关言语、行为、人物、称谓描写的隐喻进行分析，并与原著进行对比性研究，对功能对等理论在翻译实践中的可行性进行验证。研究发现，《围城》的译者在处理隐喻时，注重对喻体的保留，意图把译文读者带入特定文化语境中去理解作品，把汉语文化带入英语译本中去。经过对具体实例分析得出，文化的共性能够有助于让译文达到整体功能上的最佳对等，而文化差异以及译者对源文化掌握的局限性会让译本偏离最佳对等。由于“绝对对等”不可实现，翻译要首先达到“最低对等”。

关键词  隐喻研究  最高对等  最低对等  文化共性  文化差异