摘  要
 
词汇是英语学习的基础。没有掌握一定量的词汇，听、说、读、写、译等方面的技能就无法顺利形成。本文专门对小学阶段的英语词汇教学策略作了一番研究，首先从小学生的心理和认知特点、母语的影响、英汉语言文化差异、英语词汇的一词多义和同音异义现象、教师的影响五个方面分析了影响词汇学习的因素，其次根据小学生的特点并按照词汇教学的四个基本原则，即直观性原则、情感性原则、系统性原则和复现性原则，从如何讲解和巩固词汇两大方面论述了一些行之有效的教学策略。这些策略包括使用直观教具、使用肢体语言、单词分类教学、关键词法、头脑风暴法、利用单词网络教学等。最后提出小学英语词汇教学必须采用恰当的教学策略及手段, 从而达到提高小学生英语词汇学习和记忆效率的目的。

关键词：小学英语；词汇教学；影响因素；教学原则；教学策略
   
Abstract

Vocabulary is the foundation of learning English. Without mastering a certain amount of vocabulary, the five language skills, i.e. listening, speaking, reading, writing and translating will not easy to be carried out. This paper specializes in the strategies of English vocabulary teaching in primary school. Firstly, it analyzes five factors that influence primary students to learn vocabulary from the psychological and cognitive characteristics of the pupils, the influence of mother tongue, differences of language and culture between English and Chinese, polysemy and homonymy of English vocabulary and the effect of English teachers. Then, according to the characteristics of the primary students and in accordance with the four basic principles of vocabulary teaching, that is the visualized principle, context principle, systematic principle and reproducibility principle, it discusses some effective teaching strategies from two key aspects of how to introduce and consolidate vocabulary. These strategies include using visuals, using body languages, grouping, the keyword method, brainstorming, using word family, etc. Finally, this paper proposes that English vocabulary teaching in primary school must adopt appropriate teaching strategies and methods, so as to achieve the purpose of improving the efficiency of primary students’ learning and memory of English vocabulary.

Key words: primary English; vocabulary teaching; influencing factor; teaching principle; teaching strategies

1 Introduction
1.1 The background of English vocabulary teaching
    Teaching vocabulary is a significant factor in language teaching, since words play an important role in expressing our feelings, emotions, and ideas to others during the act of communication. The lack of vocabulary knowledge affects all the five language skills, i.e. listening, speaking, reading, writing and translating. Unfortunately, many students find it hard to acquire vocabulary. Thus, vocabulary teaching strategies are obviously important in the whole process of language teaching.