摘    要

本论文主要研究了修辞手法：认可与施压，在演讲中的运用。演讲在当今全球化时代的交流中作为促进合作的有力方式起着重要作用。但是目前国内演讲研究主要从纯语言学的角度进行，侧重辞格、文体等文本内的语言因素，还不能满足指导阅读与实践的需要。而西方修辞批评的核心思想则是主要关注演讲者与受众之间的权力关系。因此，本论文的研究目的便是展现演讲者是怎样在演讲互动中灵活使用修辞手法来影响受众的。
研究从演讲与西方修辞的定义入手，详细介绍了认可与施压修辞手法的基础概念，并以修辞的视角考察了小布什总统与苏格兰民族英雄华莱士的精彩演讲。通过分析对照两位伟人在演讲中对于两个修辞手法的灵活运用,本文展现出了他们的个人语言魅力。研究发现，在演讲互动中演讲者们可以充分运用认可与施压的修辞手法来达到影响受众的目的。

关键词：演讲，西方修辞，认可，施压
 
ABSTRACT

The focus of this paper is to study the exertion of rhetoric means in speech, which are identification and coercion. Speech plays a significant role as a dynamic mode for inducing cooperation in this age of globalization. However, domestic study of speech, which has been mostly confined to aspects of linguistics and focuses on figures of speech, style and other micro-linguistic textual elements, cannot serve as a guide to the understanding and practice of speech. Different from this traditional study of speech in China, the core of the Western rhetorical criticism of speech was to explore the power relations between speaker and audience. So, the thesis aims to illustrate how the speakers elaborately exert the rhetorical means to influence the audience in the interaction.
Beginning with the definition of speech and western rhetoric, the paper details the basic concept of identification and coercion and reviews the excellent speeches of President Bush and national hero William Wallace at the rhetorical angel of view. Through the study of how they elaborately exert these two rhetoric means, the thesis vividly shows the great linguistic fascination of the both. This study finds the speaker can make full use of two rhetorical means to influence the audience.

Key words：speech,    western rhetoric,    identification, coercion

1  Introduction
Speech is the public presentation of speakers’ own opinions and views. As a unique type of writing, it has strong vitality in the world; as an art, a means of communication、promulgation and education, it plays significant role in today’s society. But domestic researches of speech mostly focus on the aspects of linguistics and massive papers are concerning the figures of speech, style and other micro-linguistic textual elements.
The western rhetorical criticism differs, the core of which is the study of power relations between speakers and audience. Speech is the interaction of the both and it has a tight connection with rhetoric. Dating back to the origin of western rhetoric, it was claimed as an art of persuasion or a science of speaking well. It was described as an access to successful speech. In the speaking interaction, the speakers are relatively inferior to the audience. So to bring back the dominance they must rack their brains in exerting numerous rhetorical means. The top two are identification and coercion. So by analyzing cases the paper aims to illustrate how the speakers elaborately exert the rhetorical means to influence the audience in the interaction.