摘要

演讲是优于一切现实的口语表现的形式，演讲者要去除一般讲话中的杂乱、松散、平板的因素，以一种集中、凝练、富有创造性的色彩出现，这就是演讲的艺术。美国总统竞选获胜演说是候选人向国内外发表的政治演讲的一种。获胜演说影响广泛，意义重大，总统候选人往往通过此演说，宣布自己就职后的政治纲领。由于美国国家地位的特殊性，美国总统候选人竞选获胜演讲成为了一种独特而重要的实用文体，而受到人们的广泛关注。
在国内外不乏有研究者对乔治•沃克•布什或者巴拉克•奥巴马的获胜演讲运用不同的研究手段进行了分析。本文将创造性地对乔治•沃克•布什和巴拉克•奥巴马的竞选时获胜演讲作对比分析。本文研究的理论工具是韩礼德建构的系统功能语法理论。该理论不仅有着高度的理论价值还有高度的实用价值。本文选取小布什和奥巴马竞选总统获胜演说作为语料，以韩礼德的功能语法为理论基础，以数据统计分析为手段，通过对语言的三大功能中的概念功能和人际关系功能对词汇语法层面上的分析，探寻出小布什和奥巴马是如何通过选择特定的词汇和语法结构来达到其演讲的目的，以及他们各自演讲文体特征风格的异同。
本文目的尝试在功能语法理论的框架下对乔治•沃克•布什和巴拉克•奥巴马两位总统的演讲文体特征进行对比分析。不仅为政治演讲的功能文体研究提供了新的语料分析，而且也利用语言学的客观性对美国总统们的演讲风格异同进行对比分析，因此此次研究具有一定的参考价值。

关键词：乔治•沃克•布什，巴拉克•奥巴马，获胜演讲，功能文体学

Abstract

Address is a kind form that is superior to the normal oral speaking. The speaker is required to get rid of the disorder, unconsolidation, mediocrity of the oral speaking, but to express it in an intensive, succinct and creative way. That’s why address is called an art. The victory speech of the presidential candidates is a sort of political speech aimed at addressing to the domestic and international people. The victory speech means too much. In general, the incoming president promises the public his political program during his future presidency. America plays a crucial rule in the world stage, thus the victory speeches of the incoming president becomes an interesting research focus which have attracted great deal of scholars.
This paper is intended to compare the stylistic feature of the victory speeches of Gorge W Bush and Barack Obama. And the theoretical foundation of the thesis is M.A.K Halliday’s Functional Stylistics, which has a practical meaning as well as theoretical meaning. Based on functional stylistics and employing data analysis, this paper aims to reveal similarities and differences of stylistic features with a focus on the functions language possesses in order to figure out how Bush and Obama choose vocabulary and syntactic structures to achieve their goals. Hopefully, this thesis attempts to offer an interesting and objective analysis.
This paper attempts to compare the stylistic feature of the two famous presidents under the help of the functional stylistics. This paper will provide new achievement for political speeches, but also objectively compares the speech styles of the American presidents. Thus it is of practical value for a better understanding of the victory speeches of the two presidents.

Key words: Gorge W Bush, Barack Obama, victory speech, functional stylistics