ABSTRACT

In the traditional view, metaphor is only a rhetorical device. With the development of cognitive linguistics, metaphor is regarded as not only a kind of language phenomenon, but also a cognitive method and thinking mode. In both English and Chinese, there are a lot of expressions of body metaphor. This paper analyzes the similarities and differences of body metaphor in both Chinese and English. The author takes EYE and FOOT as examples. The scholar Luweizhong found that there are three types of mapping in both English and Chinese body metaphor: mapping from body domain to non-body domain, mapping from non-body domain to body domain and mapping within human body. In this paper, the author uses the three mapping models to study EYE and FOOT. The author finds that three mapping models are the basic ways for people to perceive the world and metaphorical similarity between the source domain and the target domain is the base to complete a metaphor. The similarities of body metaphor in these two languages are decided by the similarities of physiological features and the cognitive university. But because of environmental and cultural elements, there are differences. Although the mapping models are similar, the specific expressions may not necessarily be identical. And some expressions exist in one language, but the same corresponding expressions may be absent in another language. The similar expression may have different metaphorical meaning in English and Chinese.

Key words: Conceptual Metaphor      Body Metaphor  Similarity  Difference
 
摘  要

传统观点认为隐喻仅是一种修辞方式。随着认知语言学的发展，隐喻不再被认为仅是一种语言现象，而是人类的一种认知手段和思维方式。在英汉两种语言中都存在着大量的人体隐喻的表达。本文主要通过分析英汉语言中脚和眼睛(FOOT and EYE) 的隐喻表达来探讨英汉语言在人体隐喻方面存在的共性与差异以求对人体隐喻有一个更好的认识。学者卢卫中研究发现, 英汉人体隐喻有三种映射模式，即人体域到非人体域的映射，非人体域到人体域的映射以及人体域内部两个器官之间的映射。本文的作者运用这三种映射模式来研究人体器官眼和脚。研究发现英语和汉语中人体隐喻的相似性在于三种映射模式是人类认识世界的基本方式。源域与目标域的相似性是隐喻成立的基础。英汉人体隐喻的相似是由人体生理特点的类似及认知的普遍性决定的。但由于不同的自然环境和文化等因素，人体隐喻也存在一些差异。虽然映射模式相似，同样的表达在两种语言中有不同的意义；有的隐喻表达却只存在于一种语言中，另一种语言中不存在类似表达。

关键词：概念隐喻  人体隐喻  相似  差异