Abstract:

Linguistics is developing rapidly. Since 1960s, social linguists have been studying the language-related social phenomenon. Along with the rise of Western women’s liberation movement, and inspired by “racism”, linguistic sexism gradually receives widespread attention of social linguists and feminists. Nowadays, the problem of linguistic sexism has become an important topic in social linguistics. Sexism is defined as the discrimination of one sex against the other, usually refers to male against female. Although more attention has been given to the sexism in language, the traditional study of it concentrates on the field of social linguistics. With the development of cognitive linguistics, many theories are applied to the study of linguistic sexism. Metaphor is an important field of cognitive linguistic studies. This thesis will make a study of sexism in English and Chinese from the perspective of metaphor, including animal metaphors, plant metaphors, food metaphors and goods metaphors. Then, it will analyze the reasons for linguistic sexism in English and Chinese from the aspects of society factor, cultural factor, religious factor and psychological factor. Finally, the methods of decreasing sexism in language will be discussed.
  
Key words: metaphor; linguistic sexism; English and Chinese language

摘要：

伴随着语言学的迅猛发展，自20世纪60年代以来，社会语言学一直研究着与语言相关的社会现象。受到“种族歧视”一词的启发，同时伴随着西方女性解放运动的兴起，语言中的性别歧视逐渐受到社会语言学家和女权主义者的关注，现如今语言中的性别歧视问题已经成为社会语言学研究的一个十分重要的课题。性别歧视也被界定为性别对性别的歧视，通常是指男性对于女性的歧视。语言性别歧视问题虽然在语言学界得到越来越多的关注,但是传统研究往往集中在社会语言学框架内，而随着认知科学的发展，其相关理论也被应用到了语言性别歧视研究中。隐喻是认知语言学重要的研究方向之一。该论文从隐喻角度对英汉两种语言中的性别歧视现象进行跨文化对比研究，即从动物隐喻、植物隐喻、食物隐喻和商品隐喻的角度，对英汉语言中的性别歧视进行分析。随后从社会、文化、宗教和心理四个角度分析产生英汉语言性别歧视的原因。最后探讨了消除语言中性别歧视的路径。

关键词：隐喻；语言性别歧视；英汉语言