摘要：

情景喜剧作为最受观众喜爱的艺术形式之一，幽默是其艺术创作的基础。幽默又分为言语幽默和情景幽默。而言语幽默则是情景喜剧幽默制造的核心。过去，许多学者和语言学家主要从修辞和语义特征等方面研究言语幽默。随着语用学的发展，越来越多的学者开始从语用学的角度分析言语幽默的形成。作为美国最受欢迎的情景喜剧，《老友记》中大量的经典的幽默对白，为言语幽默的研究提供了丰富的材料。本文从语用学的合作原则、礼貌原则、关联理论等多方面对《老友记》中的幽默对白进行实例分析。结果显示《老友记》中的台词通过违反合作原则，违反礼貌原则，制造最大关联和最佳关联的差异等语用策略来创造幽默。本文采取定性的研究方法，随机选择《老友记》中的幽默台词作为分析语料，运用多种语用理论，对其典型的言语幽默进行分析。本文的目的是希望通过本文的研究，读者能够对言语幽默的形成有进一步的了解，并且对情景喜剧中的言语幽默有更好的理解和欣赏。

关键词：言语幽默；老友记；语用学

Abstract:

Situation comedy is one of the most popular art forms, and the humor is the basis of its artistic creation.Humor is divided into verbal humor and situation humor. And verbal humor is the core of the process of producing sitcom. In the past, many scholars and linguists mainly analyzed verbal humor from the perspectives of rhetorical and semantic features. With the development of pragmatics, more and more scholars begin to analyze the formation of the verbal humor from the perspective of pragmatic. As the most popular American sitcom, plenty of classical humorous dialogues in Friends provide rich materials for the study of verbal humor. In this paper, humorous dialogues in Friends are analyzed from the Cooperative Principle, Politeness Principle, Relevance Theory and other aspects of pragmatics. The results show that Friends creates the sense of humor by violating the Cooperative Principle, violating Politeness Principle, making the difference between the maximal relevance and the optimal relevance. This paper adopts qualitative research method, and selects randomly humorous lines in Friends as the analysis of the corpus, using a variety of pragmatic theories, analyzing the typical verbal humor. Through this study, the purpose of this paper is to help readers have a further understanding of the formation of verbal humor and a better appreciation of verbal humor in sitcom.

Key words: verbal humor; Friends; pragmatics

1. Introduction
   1.1 The research background about this thesis
  As an art of language, humor is almost everywhere in life. Those lively, witty and even funny words have special functions and play an important role in the interaction between people, and this can not be ignored.
Humor, which can bring laughter, can not be separated from language techniques, which refer to uncoordinated, ridiculous and amusing speech, which means that humor make people laugh, but it is not vulgar or frivolous. Humor can be divided into situational humor and verbal humor. The former refers to waggish actions and expressions. While the latter means people’s utterance. (Yan Xinyan 2009) Moreover, verbal humor is the core of the process of producing sitcom. In the past, many scholars and linguists mainly analyzed verbal humor from the perspectives of rhetorical and semantic features. With the development of pragmatics, more and more scholars begin to analyze the formation of the verbal humor from the perspective of pragmatic